|
 
 |
| REVIEW ARTICLE |
|
| Year : 2013 | Volume
: 5
| Issue : 4 | Page : 266-279 |
|
Winter cardiovascular diseases phenomenon
Auda Fares
Department of Internal Medicine, Uinversity Hospital Bochum, Bedburg, Germany
| Date of Web Publication | 11-Apr-2013 |
Correspondence Address:
Auda Fares
Albert-Schlangen Str. 36, 50181 Bedburg
Germany
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.110430
This paper review seasonal patterns across twelve cardiovascular diseases: Deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, aortic dissection and rupture, stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, hypertension, heart failure, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, venricular arrythmia and atrial fibrillation, and discuss a possible cause of the occurrence of these diseases. There is a clear seasonal trend of cardiovascular diseases, with the highest incidence occurring during the colder winter months, which have been described in many countries. This phenomenon likely contributes to the numbers of deaths occurring in winter. The implications of this finding are important for testing the relative importance of the proposed mechanisms. Understanding the influence of season and other factors is essential when seeking to implement effective public health measures. Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases, Periodicity, Seasons
How to cite this article:
Fares A. Winter cardiovascular diseases phenomenon. North Am J Med Sci 2013;5:266-79 |
| Introduction | |  |
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is the number one cause of death worldwide. An estimated 17.3 million people died from CVDs in 2008, representing 30% of all global deaths. [1] Seasonal variation in morbidity and mortality due to CVDs has been noted in both the northern and southern hemispheres, with higher incidence rates during the winter than in the summer. This variation linked with multiple risk factors, such as temperature, physical activity, air pollution, infections, and food habits. [2],[3] Another potentially important seasonal risk factors such as seasonal variation in the plasma level of fibrinogen, cholesterol, Hormones and vasoactive substance including vasopressin (AVP), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and angiotensin II, aldosterone and catecholamine which tends to rise in the winter is suggested to play an important role in the seasonal change of CVDs. [3] However, the influence of these factors on the onset and course of cardiovascular events is not well understood. Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain this association. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on seasonality of CVDs and discuss the current situation and controversies related to this phenomenon. This paper also provides a detailed literature on the factors influencing the seasonal patterns of CVDs.
Seasonal patterns of cardiovascular diseases
Deep venous thrombosis
A number of studies have focused specifically on the seasonal variability of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Most studies have reported a higher occurrence of DVT during the winter months. [4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11] Only a few studies have failed to find such seasonal variation in the incidence of DVT. [12],[13],[14] Interestingly, a preference for winter in the occurrence of DVT has been linked with meteorological influences, such as temperature, low atmospheric pressure, high wind speed and high rainfall. [4],[11] Seasonal variation in wind speed and temperature were found significantly associated with an increased risk of DVT approximately 9-10 days later. [4] Futhermore, reduced physical activity during the winter months, reduce blood flow in the lower limbs and decreased fibrinolytic activity have been suggested to be associated with the increase incidence of DVT in winter. [15] Additionally, several studies have demonstrated a consistent increased risk for cardiovascular events in relation to acute exposure to environmental pollutants, due to their effect on the coagulation cascade and on platelet function. Air pollutants are elevated during winter months, especially in the big cities and thus they may be at least in part, responsible for the seasonal variation in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, including DVT and pulmonary embolism (PE).
Pulmonary embolism
Seasonal variation in pulmonary embolism has been well documented by several epidemiological studies with maximum and minimum incidences in winter and summer. [5],[16],[17],[18],[19],[20],[21],[22],[23],[24],[25],[26] While, few studies, observed a different seasonal peak in the onset of acute pulmonary embolism characterized by a higher frequency in the autumn and spring, [27],[28],[29],[30] and others found no significant differences in seasonal distribution of pulmonary embolism episodes. [31],[32],[33],[34],[35] In a recent meta-analysis study published in 2011 confirm the existence of a seasonal and monthly variability of venous thromboembolism (VTE), with a statistically significant peak observed in winter and in particular in the month of January. In winter time, there is an absolute increase in the risk of VTE of 14% as compared to the other seasons, and the absolute increase in the risk of VTE observed in January is 20% as compared to the other months. [36] The seasonal increases in pulmonary embolism episodes have been explained by the changes in coagulation factors level, peripheral vasoconstriction and reduced activity. However, some studies did not found correlation between meteorological factors and seasonality of PE.
Aortic rupture/dissection
Several studies have reported a seasonal variation in the incidence of in aortic rupture or dissection, the incidence of aortic dissection and rapture were found to be higher in winter time than in summer in 45.8% of the studies, [37],[38],[39],[40],[41],[42],[43],[44],[45],[46],[47] and 41.6% of these studies reported significant peak of incidence in spring and autumn. [48],[49],[50],[51],[52],[53],[54],[55],[56],[57] while only 12.5% failed to find convincing evidence of seasonality in rupture or dissection of aortic aneurysm. [58],[59],[60] The underlying cause is unknown, but hypertension and tobacco smoking are predisposing factors to aortic aneurysm rupture. Exposure to tobacco smoke is known to be greater indoors in cold weather and there is a winter peak of blood pressure in hypertensive patients. A relatively high positive correlation was found between the incidence of acute aortic dissection and the mean atmospheric pressure in some of the studies. Winter is also characterized by pro-thrombotic state. Fibrinogen levels demonstrate wide seasonal variation, increasing up to 23% during the colder months. Furthermore, a mild surface cooling can increase platelet and red cell count and consequently blood viscosity, thereby favoring spontaneous thrombosis. Moreover, activation of the sympathetic nervous system and secretion of catecholamine are increased in response to cold temperatures. This could result in an increase in blood pressure through increased heart rate and peripheral vascular resistance. This enhances the forces that act to produce wall deformation, and increase friction and shear stress on the internal surface. The consequent vascular damage may progress, culminating in arterial dissection and rupture of the aorta. [61]
Stroke
Many studies conducted in different countries throughout the world, including those in Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America, report an association between season of the year and stroke incidence. Among these studies 48.4% reported a higher frequency of events during the colder months (autumn-winter seasons), [62],[63],[64],[65],[66],[77] and 39% found that the highest rates occur warmer months (spring-summer), [78],[79],[80],[81],[82],[83],[84],[85],[86],[87],[88],[89],[90] while only 12% of these studies reported no evidence supporting seasonal variation in stroke rates. [91],[92],[93],[94] There is only little information available on the seasonal variability of Transient ischemic attack (TIA). In a study conducted in Italy on 4642 patients found that the incidence of TIA was most frequent in autumn and winter and less common in spring and summer, independent of sex and the presence of the most common risk factors. [95]
Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage
Nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage is a common cause of stroke, represents approximately 10% of all strokes and two thirds of hemorrhagic strokes. [96] Seasonal variations in the incidence of nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage have been extensively evaluated in studies conducted in various parts of the world. It was documented for the first time by Aring and Merritt, [97] who observed in the Boston area that the incidence of cerebral hemorrhage was highest in winter and lowest in summer. The same pattern was observed in Bangladesh, [78] Taiwan, [98] Japan, [99] Brussels, [100] Iowa, [90] Minnesota, [101] Britain, [102] Romania, [103] and Portugal [104] but was not borne out in other investigations in Boston and Chicago, [105] the Lehigh Valley, [106] and Netherlands. [107] On the other hand, reports from Serbia, [79] have found the peak of hospital admissions due to intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in early spring and a trough in late summer months. The underlying causes of this variation are not completely understood, but hypertension and exposure to low temperature are predisposing factors to intracerebral hemorrhage. The seasonal variation in blood pressure is well known, blood pressure being higher in winter. Elevated blood pressure during the winter may play an important role as a trigger for intracerebral hemorrhage. [99]
Hypertension
Seasonal influence on arterial blood pressure has been demonstrated by various studies based on single or repeated measurements among adults, the elderly, and children as well as healthy and hypertensive subjects. [108],[109],[110],[111],[112],[113],[114],[115],[116],[117],[118],[119],[120],[121],[122],[123],[124],[125],[126],[127],[128],[129],[130] In all of these studies, Both systolic and diastolic mean blood pressures showing a seasonal peak during winter and trough in summer. The seasonal variation in hypertension is likely to reflect seasonal variations in one or more risk factors. The risk factors proposed by investigators have included: Outdoor temperature, physical activity, seasonality of vitamin D, seasonal variation in serum cholesterol level, noradrenalin, catecholamine, and vasopressin.
Heart failure
Several studies on seasonal variation in heart failure (HF) hospitalization carried out in France, Spain, Japan, Scotland, Australia, Brazil, Argentina, Italy, Turkey, Nigeria, Canada, and USA [131],[132],[133],[134],[135],[136],[137],[138],[139],[140],[141],[142],[143],[144] have shown an increase in admission during the winter season and a decline in summer season. The cause of the winter increase in HF remains in doubt. Cold weather, among other factors, increases peripheral vasoconstriction, which may lead to pulmonary oedema as a consequence of left ventricular failure and may also cause abnormal clotting. In patients with symptomatic CHF, cold exposure decreases exercise capacity and increases the already raised systemic adrenergic activation. As increased plasma norepinephrine concentrations are associated with increased risk of death from progressive heart failure this may, in part, explain the increased mortality in winter. [135] Additionally, Increased blood pressure, lack of vitamin D; physical activity, influenza, and air pollution in winter have also been postulated as responsible factors for the higher number of cases during colder months.
Atrial fibrillation
Seasonal variation in the occurrence of atrial fibrillation has been documented, with peaks typically occurring in the winter-autumn and troughs in the summer, the mechanisms and factors underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. The extensive Danish population studies carried out for fourteen years and involving approximately 33,000 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) paroxysms reported an inversely proportional influence of mean outdoor temperature and similar effect of season. [145] Studies performed in Japan showed maximum AF incidence in autumn, with a significant reduction in summer. [146] Similarly, six studies on the seasonality of AF, In Israel, [147] Finland [148] Poland, [149],[150] Scotland, [151] and Australia [152] found the peak of incidence during winter months. In contrast, the peaks for AF hospitalizations in Canada were found predominantly in spring and the troughs in summer. [153] It seems that the above observations may be rationally explained by the effects of specific factors such as air temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure, in particular with concomitant ischemic heart disease or arterial hypertension as well as in the elderly. However, further research could help to better understand the clinical epidemiology and public health impact of AF and its complications and identify opportunities for better prevention of AF.
Ventricular arrhythmias
The seasonal variation of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) has been assessed in studies with animal models and observational studies. In a canine model of myocardial infarction, there was a higher incidence of VA in winter. [154] In a study of 154 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) episodes was found to be higher in winter months and the lowest in summer, spring, and fall. A linear regression between the number of episodes and the average daily temperature showed a greater likelihood of the 2 events occurring on cooler days, irrespective of the cause of cardiac disease. [155] Three other studies found a similar seasonal pattern in the incidence of VT and VF. [156],[157],[158] The potential factors that can influence the seasonal variation of VA have not been fully understood. Thermal stress, due to very low as well as very high temperatures, can trigger alterations in physiological processes and may be physiopathological ones, determining a seasonal variation in cardiovascular events. [159] In contrast, the incidence of VA in southern Brazil and Japan was found more frequent during summer than in winter months. [159],[160] The increase in the incidence of VA in summer can be related not only to alterations in the absolute temperature degree, but also to behavior alterations, which are characteristic of this season. During summer, longer exposure to sunlight, increase of physical activities and uncontrolled weight-loss diets can lead to fluid and electrolyte loss through the skin, which can determine electrolyte imbalance, favoring the occurrence of VA. Similarly, the increased food and alcoholic beverage intake, which is characteristic of the vacation periods, can also contribute to an increase in the occurrence of VA. [159]
Angina pectoris
Few studies exist on the seasonal variability of angina pectoris (AP). In a study of 2459 patients admitted with angina pectoris in Italy, AP has been found to correlate with a combination of critical values of low temperatures and humidity, although it seems different according to the gender. Significant incidence relative ratios were, in males, 0.988 (0.980-0.996) for minimal temperature, 0.990 (0.984-0.996) for maximal humidity and 1.002 (1.000-1.004) for minimal humidity. The corresponding values in females were 0.973 (0.951-0.995) for maximal temperature and 1.024 (1.001-1.048) for minimal temperature. The highest hospital admissions were during winter as compared to other seasons. [161] In Russia, The vast majority of cases of progression of angina were observed in autumn and winter. [162] In contrast, the incidence of unstable angina (UA) in Canada was found more frequent during summer than in winter. This seasonal variation in the incidence of UA was significant only in male patients. [163]
Acute myocardial infarction
An increase in mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the winter months was first reported in the 1930s. [164] Since, these initial observations, numerous studies have reported an increased morbidity and mortality from AMI during the autumn and winter. [165],[166],[167],[168],[169],[170],[171],[172],[173],[174],[175],[176],[177],[178],[179],[180] In contrast, a peak period of the occurrence of AMI in Hungary was found during spring. [181],[182] An association between seasonality and AMI morbidity and mortality was found in most age and sex groups, with men consistently exhibiting a stronger seasonality pattern, although this difference decreases with advancing age. [170],[168] In a Danish population study reported that the AMI followed different seasonal patterns depending on age, but not on gender. In the < 59-year-old group, the seasonal pattern was dominated by a broad spring peak (April/May) and a minor autumn peak. With increasing age, the spring peak decreased while the autumn peak increased and moved towards December. A seasonal pattern dominated by one peak (December) and one trough (August) was found in the > or = 80-year-old category. [183] Documentation of this circannual variation has directed further investigation of pathophysiologic triggers of the nonrandom occurrence of AMI. Arterial blood pressure, vasocostraction, plasma cortisol and catecholamines, platelet aggregability and numerous hematologic variables have all been shown to display a seasonal rhythm. Potential environmental and lifestyle factors associated with precipitation of AMI include physical exertion and outdoor temperature.
Sudden cardiac death
Seasonal variation in sudden cardiac death (SCD) has been well documented by several epidemiological studies with maximum and minimum incidences in winter and summer. [184],[185],[186],[187],[188],[189],[190] While, few studies, observed a different seasonal peak in the onset of SCD characterized by a higher frequency in the summer months. [191],[192] The exact cause of this variation is unknown, but it is believed that a combination of external and internal factors such as cold weather, increased platelet aggregability, decreased fibrinolytic activity, and other blood components involved in thrombogenesis may be an important risk factor in bringing on the onset of SCD in winter. [193] This approach is strengthened by the findings of similar seasonal patterns for myocardial infarction, transient myocardial ischemia, and arrhythmias. The winter increase in the occurrence of these related disorders suggests causation by identifiable triggers. [193]
Factor influencing the seasonal patterns of cardiovascular diseases
Temperature
Mechanisms that could explain the association between cardiovascular diseases and temperature remain undetermined. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and secretion of catecholamine are increased in response to cold temperatures. This could result in an increase in blood pressure through increased heart rate and peripheral vascular resistance. [194] In patients whose coronary circulation is already compromised this extra demand may produce myocardial ischaemia and, therefore, angina pectoris or MI. [3] A statistically significant positive correlation was also found between both air pressure and humidity and the incidence of PE. [29] In a study conducted in Scotland [4] found that wind speed and temperature were significantly associated with seasonal peak of DVT. The effect was delayed by approximately 9-10 days, but the authors calculated that every 10-mbar decrease in pressure was associated with a 2.1% increase in the relative risk of DVT. Additionally, experimental studies suggested that alterations in temperature might also influence vascular function through an effect on endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the bioavailability of nitric oxide. In rats, Acute and short-term exposure to elevated environmental or core body temperatures has been shown to increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. Conversely, repeated cold exposure of rats (4°C for 4h per day for 1 week) led to the development of hypertension and impaired endothelial vasodilator function in isolated arterial tissue. [195]
Vitamin D
Significant seasonal vitamin D level variations were observed in several communities, which reveal a variation of values for 25-(OH) D, increased during summer and spring, while gradually decreasing in autumn and winter. Vitamin D deficiency has been to be associated with CVD risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis such as intima-media thickness and coronary calcification as well as with cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction, stroke and congestive heart failure. [196] several studies have demonstrated lower levels of vitamin D metabolites in subjects with Coronary heart disease (CHD) and hypertension. The association between vitamin D levels and CHD has been shown to be independent of smoking, body mass index, treatment for hypertension, vigorous leisure activity, total serum cholesterol and a previous history of angina or MI. [197] several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the link between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease. Experimental data suggest that 1,25(OH) 2 D affects cardiac muscle directly, controls parathyroid hormone secretion, regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and modulates of smooth muscle cell proliferation, inflammation and thrombosis. [198] Because of these biologic effects, vitamin D deficiency has been associated with hypertension, vascular diseases and heart failure. Higher exposure to ultra violet (UV) radiation in summer may therefore, protect against CVDs events.
Serum cholesterol level
Elevated Serum cholesterol level has been shown to be associated with an increased risk for development of and death due to CVD. Serum cholesterol is strongly associated with endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, [199],[200],[201] which may lead to functional arterial stiffening. In cholesterol-fed rabbits, increased oxidative stress has been found, attributable to endothelial dysfunction. [202] Oxidative stress reduces the function of renal dopamine receptors in rats, leading to sodium retention and high blood pressure. [203] interestingly, a significant seasonal variation in plasma levels cholesterol has been reported in many studies, with maximum and minimum incidences in winter and summer. [204],[205],[206]
Physical activity
In both sexes, overall levels of physical activity are significantly higher in summer than in winter. [3] Physical inactivity is strongly positively associated with CVDs. In a study conducted by Magnus and colleagues demonstrated that physical activities such as walking, cycling and gardening only protect against acute coronary events if undertaken throughout the year. [207] How physical activity positively affects CVDs remains unclear. One of the primary mechanisms through which physical activity is thought to affect CVDs is through improves endothelial function. The endothelium acts to maintain normal vasomotor tone, enhance the fluidity of blood and regulate vascular growth. Abnormalities in these functions contribute many disease processes, including myocardial infarction, coronary vasospasm and hypertension. Exercise causes increases in blood flow leading to increased shear stress, which is the force acting parallel to blood vessels. Enhanced shear stress results in endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilation of vessels. Chronic increases in shear stress have been found to improve endothelial function in animal studies as well as in some limited human studies. [208] Another mechanism proposed that the physical activity may also reduce the elevated sympathetic nerve activity that is common in essential hypertension. [209]
Coagulation factors
Over the past decade extensive evidence has been accumulated which shows that the elevated plasma fibrinogen levels and factor VII clotting activity (FVIIc) a strong and consistent association with cardiovascular disorders such as ischaemic heart disease, stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Interestingly, seasonal variability with peak concentrations during cold months was shown for fibrinogen and FVIIc. [210],[211] several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the rise of plasma fibrinogen levels in winter. Some authors have suggested an increased incidence in winter respiratory infections, which might cause an acute-phase reaction and consecutively lead to an increase in fibrinogen. [210] Fibrinogen may contribute to atherothrombogenesis by several mechanisms: Involvement in early atherosclerotic plaque formation (i.e., providing an adsorptive surface for LDL accumulation), involvement in the response to endothelial damage, increased platelet aggregability by interaction with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors on the platelet surface, increased RBC aggregation, and finally, contribution to Plasma viscosity. [212] An increase in these factors generates a "hypercoagulable state," which may lead to a rise in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Hormones
Hormones and vasoactive substance such as AVP, NE, E and angiotensin II, aldosteron and catecholamin have suggested play a role of seasonal variation in blood pressure. In a study conducted in Japan, mean plasma noradrenaline, urinary excretion of catecholamines and sodium significantly higher in winter than in summer was found in hypertensive patients. No comparable differences were found in either plasma renin activity or plasma aldosterone concentrations. [140] Furthermore, Cold air exposure of 4°C for 30 min was found reduce the plasma vasopressin levels in human subjects. [213] in another study, Plasma aldosterone (PA) was found significantly increased 59% from summer to winter, whereas plasma norepinephrine (PNE), plasma epinephrine, and plasma renin activity (PRA) increased 19, 2 and 17%, respectively. [214] In twenty healthy male volunteers exposed to a temperature of 10 degrees C for 120 min, Leppδluoto and associates [215] demonstrated a significant increase in serum level of noradrenaline from 4.5 to 6.3 nmol l. Endothelin I has been suggested may play a role in the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction. In a German study found that Endothelin-1 levels displayed a significant variation, with a sinusoid pattern throughout the year: Nadir values occurred in January, peak values in July. Angiotensin II demonstrated a significant correlation with endothelin-1 and paralleled its rhythmicity. In contrast, plasma catecholamines exhibited an opposite pattern. [216] In an attempt to study effects of cold on blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, 34 healthy young subjects with or without a family history of essential hypertension were exposed to moderate cold (4 degrees C for 1h) or severe cold (immersion of the hands to 0 degrees C for 10 min). Moderate cold was found elevated blood pressure, aldosterone, cortisol and noradrenaline when the subjects wore summer clothing but not when the subjects wore winter clothing. In addition to above observations, it also noticed that the Exposure to cold air induce declines in serum T3, T4 and increases TSH production. [217] Thyroid hormone has long been known for its profound direct effects on the cardiovascular syste. The hormone can increase myocardial inotropy and heart rate and dilate peripheral arteries to increase cardiac output. An excessive deficiency of thyroid hormone can cause cardiovascular disease and aggravate many preexisting conditions.
Air pollution
Air pollution is a heterogeneous, complex mixture of gases, liquids, and particulate matter. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a consistent increased risk for cardiovascular events in relation to both short- and long-term exposure to present-day concentrations of ambient particulate matter (PM). A number of biological mechanisms have been proposed to explain these associations. In study conducted by Peters and associates [4] on 772 patients with AMI found that the elevated concentrations of PM 2.5 were associated with a transient risk of AMI onset during 2 separate time periods (within 2 h and 1 day after exposure). Other contemporary studies suggest that possible links between acute and/or chronic exposure to PM and cardiovascular events may be related to increases in heart rate and blood pressure, fibrinogen, and blood coagulation factors, arterial vasoconstriction, inflammatory mediators (e.g., C-reactive protein [CRP]), and endothelial injury/dysfunction. [218] Consequences of these effects may include myocardial ischemia (manifested as significant ST-segment depression during exercise testing, angina pectoris, or both), [219] malignant ventricular arrhythmias, [220] increased plaque vulnerability and enhanced potential for acute thrombosis triggering acute coronary syndromes. [221] Further, support that these changes can be attributed to air pollution comes from studies of the effects of Passive smoking, which is the single largest contributor to indoor PM [222] when a smoker is present. Exposure to Passive smoking increases platelet activation, [223] causes rapid deterioration in endothelial function, [224],[225] promotes atherosclerotic plaque development, [226] and abets infarct expansion in experimental animals. [227] Because exposure to the Passive smoking of just 1 cigarette per day accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis, [227] Interestingly, Seasonal variations of PM, PM10 and PM2.5 have been observed to be maximum during winter months. [228] In a study, conducted in Beijing, China found the PM2.5 increased up to 57% in winter. [229] In Turkey, The concentration of PM2.5, and PM10 was found to be higher in winter than in summer. As expected, the low temperature is associated with an increase in the number of episodic events. This is may be as a result of the extensive use of fuel during winter-time for heating purposes and also due to stagnant air masses formed because of low temperature and low wind speed over the study area. [230]
Infections
A number of microbial agents have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, including Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and Inflaunza verus. A number of investigators have postulated that seasonal variations in CVDs may be attributed, in part, to the fact that respiratory infections are more common in winter months. Respiratory infections may increase the risk of developing or dying from CHD through an increase in plasma fibrinogen and endotoxin inhibition of fibrinolysis. [3] Furthermore, the tachycardia and increased cardiac output that accompany many acute infections and febrile illnesses could increase the wall stress experienced by an atheromatous plaque. This could trigger coronary events by promoting disruption of vulnerable plaques. A range of observational studies done in different settings have generally tended to support the hypothesis that acute respiratory infections can trigger acute coranry diseases. A systematic review of 39 observational studies reported consistent associations between influenza and acute myocardial infarction, and some evidence that influenza vaccines are effective at reducing the risk of cardiac events in those patients with established cardiovascular disease. [231] Moreover, recent seroepidemiological studies support a relationship between prior infection with Chlamydia pneumonia and atherosclerosis. [232] Originally, small observational studies established that patients with acute myocardial infarction or chronic coronary artery disease had higher titers of chlamydial antigens than did control patients. [233] seasonal variation in prevalence of Chlamydia pneumonia was seen among both cardiology and respirolgy, with highest prevalence between February and April and lowest prevalence between June and October. [234] Rassu, et al. [235] reported higher prevalence among Italian blood donors in February (57.6%) compared with October (37.9%).
Age and sex
Cardiovascular deaths due to myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and VTE account for the leading number of deaths among women as well as men. A seasonal occurrence of Angina Pectoris seems different according to the gender. Significant incidence relative ratios were found higher in males than female. [160] Seasonality of AMI was found in most age and sex groups, with men consistently exhibiting a stronger seasonality pattern, although this difference decreases with advancing age. Strokes due to venous or arterial thrombosis are more frequent in women of menopausal age. These variations may be due to the hormonal changes that occur in the body, especially during the early stages of the menopause transition time or later. In a cross-sectional study of 132 healthy women aged 22-70 year conducted in USA found that a decline in endothelial function begins during the early stages of menopause (perimenopause) and worsens with the loss of ovarian function and prolonged estrogen deficiency. [236] The influence of age in seasonal occurrences of CVDs is likely reflect a combination of factors including poorer autonomic control, lower levels of physical activity, less use of protective clothing, greater time spent at home, and poorer household heating and insulation. [3]
Diet and obesity
Dietary intake in summer and winter is different as well as body mass index (BMI) and serum cholesterol. [237] Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated the link between CVDs and overweight, high blood pressure and increased serum total cholesterol. A significant and consistent relationship was shown between elevated plasma total and LDL cholesterol and the incidence of CHD. [237] Epidemiological and experimental studies in animals and in humans have shown that consumption of specific fatty acids can affect both blood cholesterol levels and the atherosclerotic disease process. Weight gain, even to a modest degree, was found to raise blood pressure. [238],[239],[240] In a study conducted in Brazil found that the total fat intake was lower in summer when compared to autumn and spring. [241] Another study conducted on Ninety-four male industrial employees found increase in BMI, BP and serum Cholesterol in winter when comparing with summer. [237]
| Conclusion | | |
The seasonal variability of CVDs is quite clearly demonstrated by the epidemiological data; showing mostly a peak in winter months. The exact cause of CVDs seasonality is not known clearly. However, many theories have been given to explain the possible reasons underlying the development of a disease in winter more than other time in year. Most of these theories commonly point out the fact that environmental factors such as temperature and air pollutions are play an important role in the occurrence of CVDs diseases in both sexes particularly in advance age patients. Although biological aspects are also known to contribute to the development of this disorders. This finding may have important implications; it seems that the risk of cardiovascular diseases appears to be the greatest during the winter months, particularly in elderly people. The knowledge of the role of environmental and biological factors could be used to improve prevention measures and educational strategies, especially in people with a risk of diseases. People should be informed of the increased risk of cardiovascular disease during the cold seasons, and educated about the importance of regular physical activity and dressing warmly in winter. Furthermore, people should be motivated to maintain health dietary habits including a nutrient rich in vitamin D and low fat intake. There also need to manage hospital beds and other resources effectively in winter to avoid bed crisis.
| References | | |
| 1. | Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011. 
|
| 2. | Pell JP, Cobbe SM. Seasonal variations in coronary heart disease. QJM 1999;92:689-96.
|
| 3. | Peters A, Dockery DW, Muller JE, Mittleman MA. Increased particulate air pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarction. Circulation 2001;103:2810-5.
|
| 4. | Brown HK, Simpson AJ, Murchison JT. The influence of meteorological variables on the development of deep venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 2009;102:676-82.
|
| 5. | Boulay F, Berthier F, Schoukroun G, Raybaut C, Gendreike Y, Blaive B. Seasonal variations in hospital admission for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Analysis of discharge data. BMJ 2001;323:601-2
|
| 6. | Bilora F, Boccioletti V, Manfredini E, Petrobelli F, Tormene D, Simioni P, et al. Seasonal variation in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in patients with deficiency of protein C or protein S. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2002;8:231-7.
|
| 7. | Fink AM, Mayer W, Steiner A. Seasonal variations of deep vein thrombosis and its influence on the location of the thrombus. Thromb Res 2002;106:97-100.
|
| 8. | Gallerani M, Boari B, de Toma D, Salmi R, Manfredini R. Seasonal variation in the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis. Med Sci Monit 2004;10:CR191-6.
|
| 9. | Igbinovia A, Malik GM, Grillo IA, Seidi OA, Egere JU, Hachem MM, et al. Deep venous thrombosis in Assir region of Saudi Arabia. Case-control study. Angiology 1995;46:1107-13.
|
| 10. | Lüthi H, Gruber UF. Is there a seasonal fluctuation in the appearance of deep venous thrombosis?. Anasth Intensivther Notfallmed 1982;17:158-60.
|
| 11. | Lawrence JC, Xabregas A, Gray L, Ham JM. Seasonal variation in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis. Br J Surg 1977;64:777-80.
|
| 12. | Reasbeck PG, Guerrini S, Harper J, Sackelariou R, McCaffrey JF. Incidence of deep vein thrombosis after major abdominal surgery in Brisbane. Br J Surg 1988;75:440-3.
|
| 13. | Galle C, Wautrecht JC, Motte S, Le Minh T, Dehon P, Ferreira J, et al. The role of season in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis. J Mal Vasc 1998;23:99-101.
|
| 14. | Bounameaux H, Hicklin L, Desmarais S. Seasonal variation in deep vein thrombosis. BMJ 1996;312:284-5.
|
| 15. | Manfredini R, Gallerani M, Salmi R, Dentali F, Ageno W. Winter and venous thromboembolism: A dangerous liaison? Future Cardiol 2011;7:717-9.
|
| 16. | Colantonio D, Casale R, Lorenzetti G, Pasqualetti P. Chrono-risks in the episodes of fatal pulmonary thromboembolism. G Clin Med 1990;71:563-7.
|
| 17. | Gallerani M, Manfredini R, Ricci L, Grandi E, Cappato R, Calò G, et al. Sudden death from pulmonary thromboembolism: Chronobiological aspects. Eur Heart J 1992;13:661-5.
|
| 18. | Wroblewski BM, Siney PD, White R. Fatal pulmonary embolism after total hip arthroplasty. Seasonal variation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1992;276:222-4.
|
| 19. | Manfredini R, Gallerani M, Salmi R, Zamboni P, Fersini C. Fatal pulmonary embolism in hospitalized patients: Evidence for a winter peak. J Int Med Res 1994;22:85-9.
|
| 20. | Bilora F, Manfredini R, Petrobelli F, Vettore G, Boccioletti V, Pomerri F. Chronobiology of non fatal pulmonary thromboembolism. Panminerva Med 2001;43:7-10.
|
| 21. | White RH. The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism. Circulation 2003;107 (23 Suppl 1):I4-8.
|
| 22. | Manfredini R, Gallerani M, Boari B, Salmi R, Mehta RH. Seasonal variation in onset of pulmonary embolism is independent of patients' underlying risk comorbid conditions. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2004;10:39-43.
|
| 23. | Steiner I, Matĕjek T. Pulmonary embolism: Temporal aspects. Cesk Patol 2003;39:185-8.
|
| 24. | Tan XY, He JG, Zou ZP, Zhao YF, Chen BP, Gao Y, et al. Changes of the proportion and mortality of pulmonary thromboembolism in hospitalized patients from 1974 to 2005. Chin Med J (Engl) 2006;119:998-1002.
|
| 25. | Gallerani M, Boari B, Smolensky MH, Salmi R, Fabbri D, Contato E, et al. Seasonal variation in occurrence of pulmonary embolism: Analysis of the database of the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. Chronobiol Int 2007;24:143-60.
|
| 26. | Hakim H, Samadikhah J, Alizadehasl A, Azarfarin R. Chronobiological rhythms in onset of massive pulmonary embolism in Iranian population. Middle East J Anesthesiol 2009;20:369-75.
|
| 27. | Manfredini R, Imberti D, Gallerani M, Verso M, Pistelli R, Ageno W, et al. Seasonal variation in the occurrence of venous thromboembolism: Data from the MASTER registry. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2009;15:309-15.
|
| 28. | Oztuna F, Ozsu S, Topbaº M, Bülbül Y, Koºucu P, Ozlü T. Meteorological parameters and seasonal variations in pulmonary thromboembolism. Am J Emerg Med 2008;26:1035-41.
|
| 29. | Meral M, Mirici A, Aslan S, Akgun M, Kaynar H, Saglam L, et al. Barometric pressure and the incidence of pulmonary embolism. Chest 2005;128:2190-4.
|
| 30. | Green J, Edwards C. Seasonal variation in the necropsy incidence of massive pulmonary embolism. J Clin Pathol 1994;47:58-60.
|
| 31. | Sta?kiewicz G, Czekajska-Chehab E, Przegaliñski J, Maciejewski M, Pachowicz M, Drop A. Meteorological parameters and severity of acute pulmonary embolism episodes. Ann Agric Environ Med 2011;18:127-30.
|
| 32. | Staskiewicz G, Torres K, Czekajska-Chehab E, Pachowicz M, Torres A, Radej S, et al. Low atmospheric pressure and humidity are related with more frequent pulmonary embolism episodes in male patients. Ann Agric Environ Med 2010;17:163-7.
|
| 33. | Stein PD, Kayali F, Beemath A, Skaf E, Alnas M, Alesh I, et al. Mortality from acute pulmonary embolism according to season. Chest 2005;128:3156-8.
|
| 34. | Golin V, Sprovieri SR, Bedrikow R, Salles MJ. Pulmonary thromboembolism: Retrospective study of necropsies performed over 24 years in a university hospital in Brazil. Sao Paulo Med J 2002;120:105-8.
|
| 35. | Chau KY, Yuen ST, Wong MP. Seasonal variation in the necropsy incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism in Hong Kong. J Clin Pathol 1995;48:578-9.
|
| 36. | Dentali F, Ageno W, Rancan E, Donati AV, Galli L, Squizzato A, et al. Seasonal and monthly variability in the incidence of venous thromboembolism. A systematic review and a meta-analysis of the literature. Thromb Haemost 2011;106:439-47.
|
| 37. | Benouaich V, Soler P, Gourraud PA, Lopez S, Rousseau H, Marcheix B. Impact of meteorological conditions on the occurrence of acute type A aortic dissections. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010;10:403-6.
|
| 38. | Rabus MB, Eren E, Erkanli K, Alp M, Yakut C. Does acute aortic dissection display seasonal variation? Heart Surg Forum 2009;12:E238-40.
|
| 39. | Lasica RM, Perunicic J, Mrdovic I, Tesic BV, Stojanovic R, Milic N, et al. Temporal variations at the onset of spontaneous acute aortic dissection. Int Heart J 2006;47:585-95.
|
| 40. | Mehta RH, Manfredini R, Hassan F, Sechtem U, Bossone E, Oh JK, et al. Chronobiological patterns of acute aortic dissections. Circulation 2002;106:1110-5.
|
| 41. | Mehta RH, Manfredini R, Bossone E, Fattori R, Evagelista A, Boari B, et al. International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD) Investigators. The winter peak in the occurrence of acute aortic dissection is independent of climate. Chronobiol Int 2005;22:723-9.
|
| 42. | Kurtoðlu M, Yanar H, Aksoy M, Ertekin C, Tunca F, Güloðlu R, et al . Seasonality in the incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysm ruptures: A review of eight years. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2004;10:39-41.
|
| 43. | Bown MJ, McCarthy MJ, Bell PR, Sayers RD. Low atmospheric pressure is associated with rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2003;25:68-71
|
| 44. | Sumiyoshi M, Kojima S, Arima M, Suwa S, Nakazato Y, Sakurai H, et al. Circadian, weekly, and seasonal variation at the onset of acute aortic dissection. Am J Cardiol 2002;89:619-23.
|
| 45. | Manfredini R, Portaluppi F, Salmi R, Zamboni P, La Cecilia O, Kuwornu Afi H, et al. Seasonal variation in the occurrence of nontraumatic rupture of thoracic aorta. Am J Emerg Med 1999;17:672-4.
|
| 46. | Ohara T, Fujimoto K, Okutu Y. Seasonal variation in the incidence of acute aortic dissection in Yokohama. Masui 1999;48:891-3.
|
| 47. | Ballaro A, Cortina-Borja M, Collin J. A seasonal variation in the incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1998;15:429-31.
|
| 48. | Killeen SD, O'Sullivan MJ, Coffey JC, Redmond HP, Fulton GJ. Atmospheric pressure variations and abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture. Ir J Med Sci 2008;177:217-20.
|
| 49. | Manfredini R, Boari B, Manfredini F, Salmi R, Bossone E, Fabbri D, et al. Seasonal variation in occurrence of aortic diseases: the database of hospital discharge data of the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;135:442-4.
|
| 50. | Harkin DW, O'Donnell M, Butler J, Blair PH, Hood JM, Barros D'Sa AA. Periods of low atmospheric pressure are associated with high abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture rates in Northern Ireland. Ulster Med J 2005;74:113-21.
|
| 51. | Repanos C, Chadha NK. Is there a relationship between weather conditions and aortic dissection? BMC Surg 2005;5:21.
|
| 52. | Kobza R, Ritter M, Seifert B, Jenni R. Variable seasonal peaks for different types of aortic dissection? Heart 2002;88:640.
|
| 53. | Kakkos SK, Tsolakis JA, Katsafados PG, Androulakis JA. Seasonal variation of the abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture in southwestern Greece. Int Angiol 1997;16:155-7.
|
| 54. | Manfredini R, Portaluppi F, Gallerani M, Tassi A, Salmi R, Zamboni P, et al. Seasonal variations in the rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Jpn Heart J 1997;38:67-72.
|
| 55. | Varty K, Reid A, Jagger C, Bell PR. Vascular emergencies: What's in season? Cardiovasc Surg 1995;3:409-11.
|
| 56. | Sterpetti AV, Cavallari N, Allegrucci P, Agosta F, Cavallaro A. Seasonal variation in the incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1995;40:14-5.
|
| 57. | Liapis C, Sechas M, Iliopoulos D, Dousaitoy B, Verikopkos C, Patapis P, et al. Seasonal variation in the incidence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Surg 1992;6:416-8.
|
| 58. | Smith RA, Edwards PR, Da Silva AF. Are periods of low atmospheric pressure associated with an increased risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture? Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2008;90:389-93.
|
| 59. | John TG, Stonebridge PA. Seasonal variation in operations for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and acute lower limb ischaemia. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1993;38:161-2.
|
| 60. | Upshur RE, Mamdani MM, Knight K. Are there seasonal patterns to ruptured aortic aneurysms and dissections of the aorta? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2000;20:173-6.
|
| 61. | Manfredini R, Boari B, Gallerani M, Salmi R, Bossone E, Distante A, et al. Chronobiology of rupture and dissection of aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2004;40:382-8.
|
| 62. | Giroud M, Beuriat P, Vion P, D'Athis PH, Dusserre L, Dumas R. Stroke in a French prospective population study. Neuroepidemiology 1989;8:97-104.
|
| 63. | Tsementzis SA, Kennet RP, Hitchcock ER, Gill JS, Beevers DG. Seasonal variation of cerebrovascular diseases. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1991;111:80-3.
|
| 64. | Ricci S, Celani MG, Vitali R, La Rosa F, Righetti E, Duca E. Diurnal and seasonal variations in the occurrence of stroke: A community-based study. Neuroepidemiology 1992;11:59-64.
|
| 65. | Hannan MA, Rahman MM, Haque A, Ahmed HU. Stroke: Seasonal variation and association with hypertension. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2001;27:69-78.
|
| 66. | Wu G, Wu Z, Zeng Z, Liu J, Wang W, Qin L, et al. Study on temporal patterns of stroke onset from community-based cohort in Beijing. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2002;23:277-80.
|
| 67. | Wang H, Sekine M, Chen X, Kagamimori S. A study of weekly and seasonal variation of stroke onset. Int J Biometeorol 2002;47:13-20.
|
| 68. | Hong YC, Rha JH, Lee JT, Ha EH, Kwon HJ, Kim H. Ischemic stroke associated with decrease in temperature. Epidemiology 2003;14:473-8.
|
| 69. | Wang Y, Levi CR, Attia JR, D'Este CA, Spratt N, Fisher J. Seasonal variation in stroke in the Hunter Region, Australia: A 5-year hospital-based study, 1995-2000. Stroke 2003;34:1144-50.
|
| 70. | Khan FA, Engstrom G, Jerntorp I, Pessah-Rasmussen H, Janzon L. Seasonal patterns of incidence and case fatality of stroke in Malmo, Sweden: The STROMA study. Neuroepidemiology 2005;24:26-31.
|
| 71. | Frost L, Vukelic Andersen L, Mortensen LS, Dethlefsen C. Seasonal variation in stroke and stroke-associated mortality in patients with a hospital diagnosis of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or flutter. A population-based study in Denmark. Neuroepidemiology 2006;26:220-5.
|
| 72. | Myint PK, Vowler SL, Woodhouse PR, Redmayne O, Fulcher RA. Winter excess in hospital admissions, in-patient mortality and length of acute hospital stay in stroke: A hospital database study over six seasonal years in Norfolk, UK. Neuroepidemiology 2007;28:79-85.
|
| 73. | Klimaszewska K, Ku³ak W, Jankowiak B, Kowalczuk K, Kondzior D, Baranowska A. Seasonal variation in ischaemic stroke frequency in Podlaskie Province by season. Adv Med Sci 2007;52 Suppl 1:112-4.
|
| 74. | Ansa VO, Ekott JU, Essien IO, Bassey EO. Seasonal variation in admission for heart failure, hypertension and stroke in Uyo, South-Eastern Nigeria. Ann Afr Med 2008;7:62-6.
[PUBMED]  |
| 75. | Jimenez-Conde J, Ois A, Gomis M, Rodriguez-Campello A, Cuadrado-Godia E, Subirana I, et al. Weather as a trigger of stroke. Daily meteorological factors and incidence of stroke subtypes. Cerebrovasc Dis 2008;26:348-54.
|
| 76. | Gallerani M, Manfredini R, Ricci L, Cocurullo A, Goldoni C, Bigoni M, et al. Chronobiological aspects of acute cerebrovascular diseases. Acta Neurol Scand 1993;87:482-7.
|
| 77. | Laaidi K, Minier D, Osseby GV, Couvreur G, Besancenot JP, Moreau T, et al. Seasonal variation in strokes incidence and the influence of the meteorological conditions. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2004;160:321-30.
|
| 78. | Miah AH, Sutradhar SR, Ahmed S, Bhattacharjee M, Alam MK, Bari MA, et al. Seasonal variation in types of stroke and its common risk factors. Mymensingh Med J 2012;21:13-20.
|
| 79. | Milosevic V, Zivkovic M, Djuric S, Vasic V, Tepavcevic DK, Bumbasirevic LB, et al. Hospitalizations due to spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in the region of Nis (Serbia): 11-year time-series analysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2011;113:552-5.
|
| 80. | Karagiannis A, Tziomalos K, Mikhailidis DP, Semertzidis P, Kountana E, Kakafika AI, et al. Seasonal variation in the occurrence of stroke in Northern Greece: A 10 year study in 8204 patients. Neurol Res 2010;32:326-31.
|
| 81. | Turin TC, Kita Y, Rumana N, Murakami Y, Ichikawa M, Sugihara H, et al. Stroke case fatality shows seasonal variation regardless of risk factor status in a Japanese population: 15-year results from the Takashima Stroke Registry. Neuroepidemiology 2009;32:53-60.
|
| 82. | Turin TC, Kita Y, Murakami Y, Rumana N, Sugihara H, Morita Y, et al. Higher stroke incidence in the spring season regardless of conventional risk factors: Takashima Stroke Registry, Japan, 1988-2001. Stroke 2008;39:745-52.
|
| 83. | Kettunen J, Lanki T, Tiittanen P, Aalto PP, Koskentalo T, Kulmala M, et al. Associations of fine and ultrafine particulate air pollution with stroke mortality in an area of low air pollution levels. Stroke 2007;38:918-22.
|
| 84. | Villeneuve PJ, Chen L, Stieb D, Rowe BH. Associations between outdoor air pollution and emergency department visits for stroke in Edmonton, Canada. Eur J Epidemiol 2006;21:689-700.
|
| 85. | Yamazaki S, Nitta H, Ono M, Green J, Fukuhara S. Intracerebral haemorrhage associated with hourly concentration of ambient particulate matter: Case-crossover analysis. Occup Environ Med 2007;64:17-24.
|
| 86. | Anderson N, Feigin V, Bennett D, Broad J, Pledger M, Anderson C, et al. Diurnal, weekly, and seasonal variations in stroke occurrence in a population-based study in Auckland, New Zealand. N Z Med J 2004;117:U1078.
|
| 87. | Ogata T, Kimura K, Minematsu K, Kazui S, Yamaguchi T; Japan Multicenter Stroke Investigators' Collaboration. Variation in ischemic stroke frequency in Japan by season and by other variables. J Neurol Sci 2004;225:85-9.
|
| 88. | Anlar O, Tombul T, Unal O, Kayan M. Seasonal and environmental temperature variation in the occurrence of ischemic strokes and intracerebral hemorrhages in a Turkish adult population. Int J Neurosci 2002;112:959-63.
|
| 89. | Oberg AL, Ferguson JA, McIntyre LM, Horner RD. Incidence of stroke and season of the year: Evidence of an association. Am J Epidemiol 2000;152:558-64.
|
| 90. | Biller J, Jones MP, Bruno A, Adams HP Jr, Banwart K. Seasonal variation of stroke-does it exist? Neuroepidemiology 1988;7:89-98.
|
| 91. | Rothwell PM, Wroe SJ, Slattery J, Warlow CP. Is stroke incidence related to season or temperature? The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. Lancet 1996;347:934-6.
|
| 92. | Field TS, Hill MD. Weather, Chinook, and stroke occurrence. Stroke 2002;33:1751-7.
|
| 93. | Lee HC, Hu CJ, Chen CS, Lin HC. Seasonal variation in ischemic stroke incidence and association with climate: A six-year population-based study. Chronobiol Int 2008;25:938-49.
|
| 94. | Cowperthwaite MC, Burnett MG. An analysis of admissions from 155 United States hospitals to determine the influence of weather on stroke incidence. J Clin Neurosci 201;18:618-23.
|
| 95. | Manfredini R, Manfredini F, Boari B, Malagoni AM, Gamberini S, Salmi R, et al. Temporal patterns of hospital admissions for transient ischemic attack: A retrospective population-based study in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2010;16:153-60.
|
| 96. | Fischbein NJ, Wijman CA. Nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2010;20:469-92.
|
| 97. | Aring CD, Merritt HH. Differential diagnosis between cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral thrombosis. Arch Intern Med 1935;56:435-56.
|
| 98. | Chen ZY, Chang SF, Su CL. Weather and stroke in a subtropical area: Ilan, Taiwan. Stroke 1995;26:569-72.
|
| 99. | Shinkawa A, Ueda K, Hasuo Y, Kiyohara Y, Fujishima M. Seasonal variation in stroke incidence in Hisayama, Japan. Stroke 1990;21:1262-7.
|
| 100. | Capon A, Demeurisse G, Zheng L. Seasonal variation of cerebral hemorrhage in 236 consecutive cases in Brussels. Stroke 1992;23:24-7.
|
| 101. | Ramirez-Lassepas M, Haus E, Lakatua DJ, Sackett L, Swoyer J. Seasonal (circannual) periodicity of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in Minnesota. Ann Neurol 1980;8:539-41.
|
| 102. | Haberman S, Capildeo R, Clifford Rose F. The seasonal variation in mortality from cerebrovascular disease. Neurol Sci 1981;52:25-36.
|
| 103. | Stancu CC, Pleºea IE, Enache SD, Diaconescu R, Cameniþã A, Tenovici M. Morphoclinical study of intracerebral hemorrhage with subarachnoid effusion. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2011;52 (1 Suppl):263-71.
|
| 104. | Azevedo E, Ribeiro JA, Lopes F, Martins R, Barros H. Cold: A risk factor for stroke? J Neurol 1995;242:217-21.
|
| 105. | Caplan LR, Neely S, Gorelick P. Cold-related intracerebral hemorrhage. Arch Neurol 1984;41:227.
|
| 106. | Sobel E, Zhang Z, Alter M, Lai S, Davanipour Z, Friday G, et al. Stroke in the Lehigh Valley. Seasonal variation in incidence rates. Stroke 1987;18:38-42.
|
| 107. | Franke CL, van Swieten JC, van Gijn J. Circadian and Seasonal Variation in the Incidence of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Cerebrovasc Dis 1992;2:44-6.
|
| 108. | Sinha P, Taneja DK, Singh NP, Saha R. Seasonal variation in prevalence of hypertension: Implications for interpretation. Indian J Public Health 2010;54:7-10.
[PUBMED] |
| 109. | Takenaka T, Kojima E, Sueyoshi K, Sato T, Uchida K, Arai J, et al. Seasonal variations of daily changes in blood pressure among hypertensive patients with end-stage renal diseases. Clin Exp Hypertens 2010;32:227-33.
|
| 110. | Ansa VO, Ekott JU, Essien IO, Bassey EO. Seasonal variation in admission for heart failure, hypertension and stroke in Uyo, South-Eastern Nigeria. Ann Afr Med 2008;7:62-6.
[PUBMED] |
| 111. | Thomas C, Wood GC, Langer RD, Stewart WF. Elevated blood pressure in primary care varies in relation to circadian and seasonal changes. J Hum Hypertens 2008;22:755-60.
|
| 112. | Al-Tamer YY, Al-Hayali JM, Al-Ramadhan EA. Seasonality of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008;10:125-9.
|
| 113. | Youn JC, Rim SJ, Park S, Ko YG, Kang SM, Choi D, et al. Arterial stiffness is related to augmented seasonal variation of blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Blood Press 2007;16:375-80.
|
| 114. | Cheng LT, Jiang HY, Tang LJ, Wang T. Seasonal variation in blood pressure of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Blood Purif 2006;24:499-507.
|
| 115. | Charach G, Rabinovich PD, Weintraub M. Seasonal changes in blood pressure and frequency of related complications in elderly Israeli patients with essential hypertension. Gerontology 2004;50:315-21.
|
| 116. | Isezuo SA. Seasonal variation in hospitalisation for hypertension-related morbidities in Sokoto, north-western Nigeria. Int J Circumpolar Health 2003;62:397-409.
|
| 117. | Miquel A, Martínez MA, Vendrell JJ, Hidalgo Y, Nevado A, Puig JG; Grupo de Trabajo MAPA-Madrid. Seasonal blood pressure changes in mild hypertension. Med Clin (Barc) 2001;117:372-4.
|
| 118. | Nakajima J, Kawamura M, Fujiwara T, Hiramori K. Body height is a determinant of seasonal blood pressure variation in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertens Res 2000;23:587-92.
|
| 119. | Brueren MM, Schouten BJ, Schouten HJ, van Weel C, de Leeuw PW, van Ree JW. No relevant seasonal influences on office and ambulatory blood pressure: Data from a study in borderline hypertensive primary care patients. Am J Hypertens 1998;11:602-5.
|
| 120. | Verdon F, Jacot E, Boudry JF, Chuat M, Truong CB, Studer JP. Seasonal variations of blood pressure in normal subjects and patients with chronic disease. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1997;90:1239-46.
|
| 121. | Minami J, Kawano Y, Ishimitsu T, Yoshimi H, Takishita S. Seasonal variations in office, home and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1996;14:1421-5.
|
| 122. | Winnicki M, Canali C, Accurso V, Dorigatti F, Giovinazzo P, Palatini P. Relation of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and short-term blood pressure variability to seasonal changes in environmental temperature in stage I hypertensive subjects. Results of the Harvest Trial. Clin Exp Hypertens 1996;18:995-1012.
|
| 123. | Fujiwara T, Kawamura M, Nakajima J, Adachi T, Hiramori K. Seasonal differences in diurnal blood pressure of hypertensive patients living in a stable environmental temperature. J Hypertens 1995;13 (12 Pt 2):1747-52.
|
| 124. | Verdon F, Boudry JF, Chuat M, Studer JP, Truong CB, Jacot E. Seasonal variations in arterial pressure in hypertensive patients. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1993;123:2363-9.
|
| 125. | Sharma BK, Sagar S, Sood GK, Varma S, Kalra OP. Seasonal variations of arterial blood pressure in normotensive and essential hypertensives. Indian Heart J 1990;42:66-72.
|
| 126. | Giaconi S, Ghione S, Palombo C, Genovesi-Ebert A, Marabotti C, Fommei E, et al. Seasonal influences on blood pressure in high normal to mild hypertensive range. Hypertension 1989;14:22-7.
|
| 127. | Tanaka S, Konno A, Hashimoto A, Hayase A, Takagi Y, Kondo S, et al. The influence of cold temperatures on the progression of hypertension: An epidemiological study. J Hypertens Suppl 1989;7:S49-51.
|
| 128. | Abdulla K, Taka M. Climatic effects on blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Postgrad Med J 1988;64:23-6.
|
| 129. | Brennan PJ, Greenberg G, Miall WE, Thompson SG. Seasonal variation in arterial blood pressure. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982;285:919-23.
|
| 130. | Hata T, Ogihara T, Maruyama A, Mikami H, Nakamaru M, Naka T, et al. The seasonal variation of blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens A 1982;4:341-54.
|
| 131. | Boulay F, Berthier F, Sisteron O, Gendreike Y, Gibelin P. Seasonal variation in chronic heart failure hospitalizations and mortality in France. Circulation 1999;100:280-6.
|
| 132. | Martínez-Sellés M, García Robles J, Prieto L, Serrano J, Muñoz R, Frades E, et al. Annual rates of admission and seasonal variations in hospitalizations for heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2002;4:779-86.
|
| 133. | Ogawa M, Tanaka F, Onoda T, Ohsawa M, Itai K, Sakai T, et al. A community based epidemiological and clinical study of hospitalization of patients with congestive heart failure in Northern Iwate, Japan. Circ J 2007;71:455-9.
|
| 134. | Stewart S, McIntyre K, Capewell S, McMurray J. Heart failure in a cold climate. Seasonal variation in heart failure-related morbid ity and mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:760-6.
|
| 135. | Barnett AG, de Looper M, Fraser JF. The seasonality in heart failure deaths and total cardiovascular deaths.Aust N Z J Public Health 2008;32:408-13.
|
| 136. | Godoy HL, Silveira JA, Segalla E, Almeida DR. Hospitalization and mortality rates for heart failure in public hospitals in São Paulo.Arq Bras Cardiol 2011;97:402-7.
|
| 137. | D′ýaz A, Ferrante D, Badra R, Morales I, Becerra A, Varini S, et al . Seasonal Variation and Trends in Heart Failure Morbidity and Mortality in a South American Community Hospital. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;13:263-6.
|
| 138. | Gallerani M, Boari B, Manfredini F, Manfredini R. Seasonal variation in heart failure hospitalization. Clin Cardiol 2011;34:389-94.
|
| 139. | Oktay C, Luk JH, Allegra JR, Kusoglu L. The effect of temperature on illness severity in emergency department congestive heart failure patients. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2009;38:1081-4.
|
| 140. | Jorge JE, Cagy M, Mesquita ET, Costa TL, Moscavitch SD, Rosa ML. Seasonal variation in hospitalizations due to heart failure in Niterói city, Southeastern Brazil. Rev Saude Publica 2009;43:555-7.
|
| 141. | Inglis SC, Clark RA, Shakib S, Wong DT, Molaee P, Wilkinson D, et al. Hot summers and heart failure: Seasonal variations in morbidity and mortality in Australian heart failure patients (1994-2005). Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:540-9.
|
| 142. | Feldman DE, Platt R, Déry V, Kapetanakis C, Lamontagne D, Ducharme A, et al. Seasonal congestive heart failure mortality and hospitalisation trends, Quebec 1990-1998. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004;58:129-30.
|
| 143. | Montes Santiago J, Rey García G, Mediero Domínguez A, González Vázquez L, Pérez Fernández E, del Campo Pérez V, et al. Seasonal changes in hospitalization and mortality resulting from chronic heart failure in Vigo. An Med Interna 2001;18:578-81.
|
| 144. | Allegra JR, Cochrane DG, Biglow R. Monthly, weekly, and daily patterns in the incidence of congestive heart failure.Acad Emerg Med 2001;8:682-5.
|
| 145. | Frost L, Johnsen SP, Pedersen L, Husted S, Engholm G, Sørensen HT, et al. Seasonal variation in hospital discharge diagnosis of atrial fibrillation: A population-based study. Epidemiology 2002;13:211-5.
|
| 146. | Watanabe E, Kuno Y, Takasuga H, Tong M, Sobue Y, Uchiyama T, et al. Seasonal variation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation documented by 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram. Heart Rhythm 2007;4:27-31.
|
| 147. | Viskin S, Golovner M, Malov N, Fish R, Alroy I, Vila Y, et al. Circadian variation of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Data from almost 10000 episodes. Eur Heart J 1999;20:1429-34.
|
| 148. | Kupari M, Koskinen P. Seasonal variation in occurrence of acute atrial fibrillation and relation to air temperature and sale of alcohol. Am J Cardiol 1990;66:1519-20.
|
| 149. | Gluszak A, Kocon S, Szaniawska E, Zuk K, Aljabali P, Gluza A, et al. May sunshine protect women against paroxysms of atrial fibrillation? Tohoku J Exp Med 2009;219:303-6.
|
| 150. | G³uszak A, Kocoñ S, Zuk K, Aljabali P, Gluza A, Siwek K. Episodes of atrial fibrillation and meteorological conditions. Kardiol Pol 2008;66:958-63.
|
| 151. | Murphy NF, Stewart S, MacIntyre K, Capewell S, McMurray JJ. Seasonal variation in morbidity and mortality related to atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2004;97:283-8.
|
| 152. | Kiu A, Horowitz JD, Stewart S. Seasonal variation in AF-related admissions to a coronary care unit in a "hot" climate: Fact or fiction? J Cardiovasc Nurs 2004;19:138-41.
|
| 153. | Upshur RE, Moineddin R, Crighton EJ, Mamdani M. Is there a clinically significant seasonal component to hospital admissions for atrial fibrillation? BMC Health Serv Res 2004;4:5
|
| 154. | Scherlag BJ, Patterson E, Lazzara R. Seasonal variation in sudden cardiac death after experimental myocardial infarction. J Electrocardiol 1990;23:223-30.
|
| 155. | Anand K, Aryana A, Cloutier D, Hee T, Esterbrooks D, Mooss AN, et al. Circadian, daily, and seasonal distributions of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Am J Cardiol 2007;100:1134-8.
|
| 156. | Müller D, Lampe F, Wegscheider K, Schultheiss HP, Behrens S. Annual distribution of ventricular tachycardias and ventricular fibrillation. Am Heart J 2003;146:1061-5.
|
| 157. | Stephenson EA, Collins KK, Dubin AM, Epstein MR, Hamilton RM, Kertesz NJ, et al. Circadian and seasonal variation of malignant arrhythmias in a pediatric and congenital heart disease population. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2002;13:1009-14.
|
| 158. | Page RL, Zipes DP, Powell JL, Luceri RM, Gold MR, Peters R, et al. Seasonal variation of mortality in the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) study registry. Heart Rhythm 2004;1:435-40.
|
| 159. | Pimentel M, Grüdtner L, Zimerman LI. Seasonal variation of ventricular tachycardia registered in 24-hour Holter monitoring. Arq Bras Cardiol 2006;87:403-6.
|
| 160. | Takigawa M, Noda T, Shimizu W, Miyamoto K, Okamura H, Satomi K, et al. Seasonal and circadian distributions of ventricular fibrillation in patients with Brugada syndrome. Heart Rhythm 2008;5:1523-7.
|
| 161. | Abrignani MG, Corrao S, Biondo GB, Lombardo RM, Di Girolamo P, Braschi A. Effects of ambient temperature, humidity, and other meteorological variables on hospital admissions for angina pectoris. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012;19:342-8.
|
| 162. | Fomina NV, Barbarash OL, Mineeva EV. Biorthythmological risk factors for progression of coronary heart disease.Klin Med (Mosk) 2003;81:27-30.
|
| 163. | Al-Yusuf AR, Kolar J, Bhatnagar SK, Hudak A, Smid J. Seasonal variation in the incidence of unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction: Effect of dry hot climate on the occurrence of complications following acute myocardial infarction. J Trop Med Hyg 1986;89:157-61.
|
| 164. | Masters AM, Dack S, Jaffe HL. Factors and events associated with onset of coronary artery thrombosis. J Am Med Assoc 1937;109:546-9.
|
| 165. | Jia EZ, Xu ZX, Cai HZ, Guo CY, Li L, Zhu TB, et al. Time distribution of the onset of chest pain in subjects with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: An eight-year, single-center study in China. PLoS One 2012;7:e32478.
|
| 166. | Hopstock LA, Wilsgaard T, Njølstad I, Mannsverk J, Mathiesen EB, Løchen ML, et al. Seasonal variation in incidence of acute myocardial infarction in a sub-Arctic population: The Tromsø Study 1974-2004. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2011;18:320-5.
|
| 167. | Park HE, Koo BK, Lee W, Cho Y, Park JS, Choi JY. Periodic variation and its effect on management and prognosis of Korean patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circ J 2010;74:970-6.
|
| 168. | Manfredini R, Manfredini F, Boari B, Bergami E, Mari E, Gamberini S. Seasonal and weekly patterns of hospital admissions for nonfatal and fatal myocardial infarction. Am J Emerg Med 2009;27:1097-103.
|
| 169. | Rumana N, Kita Y, Turin TC, Murakami Y, Sugihara H, Morita Y. Seasonal pattern of incidence and case fatality of acute myocardial infarction in a Japanese population (from the Takashima AMI Registry, 1988 to 2003). Am J Cardiol 2008;102:1307-11.
|
| 170. | Abrignani MG, Corrao S, Biondo GB, Renda N, Braschi A, Novo G. Influence of climatic variables on acute myocardial infarction hospital admissions. Int J Cardiol 2009;137:123-9.
|
| 171. | Loughnan ME, Nicholls N, Tapper NJ. Demographic, seasonal, and spatial differences in acute myocardial infarction admissions to hospital in Melbourne Australia. Int J Health Geogr 2008;7:42.
|
| 172. | Kleĭmenova NG, Kozyreva OV, Breus TK, Rapoport SI. Seasonal variations in the myocardial infarction incidence and possible effects of geomagnetic micropulsations on the cardiovascular system in humans. Biofizika 2007;52:1112-9.
|
| 173. | Biyik I, Canbaz MA, Ergene O. Seasonal variability of acute myocardial infarction in a Western Anatolian city and its relations to acute infections and climate. Int Angiol 2007;26:285-9.
|
| 174. | Wang H, Kakehashi M, Matsumura M, Eboshida A. Association between occurrence of acute myocardial infarction and meteorological factors. J Cardiol 2007;49:31-40.
|
| 175. | Dilaveris P, Synetos A, Giannopoulos G, Gialafos E, Pantazis A, Stefanadis C. CLimate Impacts on Myocardial infarction deaths in the Athens TErritory: The CLIMATE study. Heart 2006;92:1747-51.
|
| 176. | Manfredini R, Boari B, Smolensky MH, Salmi R, Gallerani M, Guerzoni F. Seasonal variation in onset of myocardial infarction: A 7-year single-center study in Italy. Chronobiol Int 2005;22:1121-35.
|
| 177. | González Hernández E, Cabadés O'Callaghan A, Cebrián Doménech J, López Merino V, Sanjuán Mañez R, Echánove Errazti I. Seasonal variations in admissions for acute myocardial infarction. The PRIMVAC study. Rev Esp Cardiol 2004;57:12-9.
|
| 178. | Moschos N, Christoforaki M, Antonatos P. Seasonal distribution of acute myocardial infarction and its relation to acute infections in a mild climate. Int J Cardiol 2004;93:39-44.
|
| 179. | Spencer FA, Goldberg RJ, Becker RC, Gore JM. Seasonal distribution of acute myocardial infarction in the second National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:1226-33.
|
| 180. | Ornato JP, Peberdy MA, Chandra NC, Bush DE. Seasonal pattern of acute myocardial infarction in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:1684-8.
|
| 181. | Kriszbacher I, Bódis J, Csoboth I, Boncz I. The occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in relation to weather conditions. Int J Cardiol 2009;135:136-8.
|
| 182. | Kriszbacher I, Boncz I, Koppán M, Bódis J. Seasonal variations in the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction in Hungary between 2000 and 2004. Int J Cardiol 2008;129:251-4.
|
| 183. | Fischer T, Lundbye-Christensen S, Johnsen SP, Schønheyder HC, Sørensen HT. Secular trends and seasonality in first-time hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction: A Danish population-based study. Int J Cardiol 2004;97:425-31.
|
| 184. | Töro K, Bartholy J, Pongrácz R, Kis Z, Keller E, Dunay G. Evaluation of meteorological factors on sudden cardiovascular death. J Forensic Leg Med 2010;17:236-42.
|
| 185. | Gerber Y, Jacobsen SJ, Killian JM, Weston SA, Roger VL. Seasonality and daily weather conditions in relation to myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1979 to 2002. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:287-92.
|
| 186. | Chiba T, Yamauchi M, Nishida N, Kaneko T, Yoshizaki K, Yoshioka N. Risk factors of sudden death in the Japanese hot bath in the senior population. Forensic Sci Int 2005;149:151-8.
|
| 187. | Straus SM, Bleumink GS, Dieleman JP, van der Lei J, Stricker BH, Sturkenboom MC. The incidence of sudden cardiac death in the general population. J Clin Epidemiol 2004;57:98-102.
|
| 188. | Messner T, Lundberg V. Trends in sudden cardiac death in the northern Sweden MONICA area 1985-99. J Intern Med 2003;253:320-8.
|
| 189. | Katz A, Biron A, Ovsyshcher E, Porath A. Seasonal variation in sudden death in the Negev desert region of Israel. Isr Med Assoc J 2000;2:17-21.
|
| 190. | Arntz HR, Willich SN, Schreiber C, Brüggemann T, Stern R, Schultheiss HP. Diurnal, weekly and seasonal variation of sudden death. Population-based analysis of 24,061 consecutive cases. Eur Heart J 2000;21:315-20.
|
| 191. | Silverman RA, Ito K, Freese J, Kaufman BJ, De Claro D, Braun J, et al. Association of ambient fine particles with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in New York City. Am J Epidemiol 2010;172:917-23.
|
| 192. | Savopoulos C, Ziakas A, Hatzitolios A, Delivoria C, Kounanis A, Mylonas S, et al. Circadian rhythm in sudden cardiac death: A retrospective study of 2,665 cases. Angiology 2006;57:197-204.
|
| 193. | Willich SN, Maclure M, Mittleman M, Arntz HR, Muller JE. Sudden cardiac death. Support for a role of triggering in causation. Circulation 1993;87:1442-50.
|
| 194. | Hanna JM. Climate, altitude, and blood pressure. Hum Biol 1999;71:553-82.
|
| 195. | Zhu Z, Zhu S, Zhu J, van der GM, Tepel M. Endothelial dysfunction in cold-induced hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens 2002;15:176-80.
|
| 196. | Gouni-Berthold I, Krone W, Berthold HK. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2009;7:414-22.
|
| 197. | Scragg R. Seasonal variations of mortality in Queensland. Community Health Stud 1982;6:120-9.
|
| 198. | Nemerovski CW, Dorsch MP, Simpson RU, Bone HG, Aaronson KD, Bleske BE. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Disease. Pharmacotherapy 2009;29:691-708.
|
| 199. | Chowienczyk PJ, Watts GF, Cockcroft JR, Ritter JM. Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation of forearm resistance vessels in hypercholesterolaemia. Lancet 1992;12:340, 1430-2.
|
| 200. | Wilkinson IB, Cockcroft JR. Cholesterol, endothelial function and cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Lipidol 1998;9:237-42.
|
| 201. | Wilkinson IB, Prasad K, Hall IR, Thomas A, MacCallum H, Webb DJ, et al. Increased central pulse pressure and augmentation index in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:1005-11.
|
| 202. | Ohara Y, Peterson TE, Harrison DG. Hypercholesterolemia increases endothelial superoxide anion production. J Clin Invest 1993;91:2546-51.
|
| 203. | Banday AA, Lau YS, Lokhandwala MF. Oxidative stress causes renal dopamine D1 receptor dysfunction and salt-sensitive hypertension in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Hypertension 2008;51:367-75.
|
| 204. | Fyfe T, Dunnigan MG, Hamilton E, Rae AJ. Seasonal variation in serum lipids, and incidence and mortality of ischaemic heart disease. J Atheroscler Res 1968;8:591-6.
|
| 205. | Gordon DJ, Hyde J, Trost DC, Whaley FS, Hannan PJ, Jacobs DR, et al. Seasonal cholesterol cycles: The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial placebo group. Circulation 1987;76:1224-31.
|
| 206. | Grimes DS, Hindle E, Dyer T. Sunlight, cholesterol and coronary heart disease. QJM 1996;89:579-89.
|
| 207. | Magnus K, Matroos A, Strackee J. Walking, cycling or gardening, with or without seasonal interruption, in relation to acute coronary events. Am J Epidemiol 1979;110:724-33.
|
| 208. | Sherman DL. Exercise and endothelial function. Coron Artery Dis 2000;11:117-22.
|
| 209. | Pescatello LS, Franklin BA, Fagard R, Farquhar WB, Kelley GA, Ray CA; American College of Sports Medicine. Exercise and hypertension. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;34:533-53.
|
| 210. | Woodhouse PR, Khaw KT, Plummer M, Foley A, Meade TW. Seasonal variations of plasma fibrinogen and factor VII activity in the elderly: Winter infections and death from cardiovascular disease. Lancet 1994;343:435-9.
|
| 211. | Stout RW, Crawford V. Seasonal variations in fibrinogen concentrations among elderly people. Lancet 1991;338:9-13.
|
| 212. | Cook NS, Ubben D. Fibrinogen as a major risk factor in cardiovascular disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1990;11:444-51.
|
| 213. | Wittert GA, Or HK, Livesey JH, Richards AM, Donald RA, Espiner EA. Vasopressin, corticotrophin-releasing factor, and pituitary adrenal responses to acute cold stress in normal humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;75:750-5.
|
| 214. | Radke KJ, Izzo JL Jr. Seasonal variation in haemodynamics and blood pressure-regulating hormones. J Hum Hypertens 2010;24:410-6.
|
| 215. | Leppäluoto J, Korhonen I, Huttunen P, Hassi J. Serum levels of thyroid and adrenal hormones, testosterone, TSH, LH, GH and prolactin in men after a 2-h stay in a cold room. Acta Physiol Scand 1988;132:543-8.
|
| 216. | Kruse HJ, Wieczorek I, Hecker H, Creutzig A, Schellong SM. Seasonal variation of endothelin-1, angiotensin II, and plasma catecholamines and their relation to outside temperature. J Lab Clin Med 2002;140:236-41.
|
| 217. | Reed HL. Circannual changes in thyroid hormone physiology: The role of cold environmental temperatures. Arctic Med Res 1995;54 Suppl 2:9-15.
|
| 218. | Donaldson K, Stone V, Seaton A, MacNee W. Ambient particle inhalation and the cardiovascular system: Potential mechanisms. Environ Health Perspect 2001;109 (Suppl 4):523-7.
|
| 219. | Pekkanen J, Peters A, Hoek G, Tiittanen P, Brunekreef B, de Hartog J, et al. Particulate air pollution and risk of ST-segment depression during repeated submaximal exercise tests among subjects with coronary heart disease: The Exposure and Risk Assessment for Fine and Ultrafine Particles in Ambient Air (ULTRA) study. Circulation 2002;106:933-8.
|
| 220. | Peters A, Liu E, Verrier RL, Schwartz J, Gold DR, Mittleman M, et al. Air pollution and incidence of cardiac arrhythmia. Epidemiology 2000;11:11-7.
|
| 221. | Spengler JD. Long-term measurements of respirable sulfates and particles inside and outside homes. Atmos Environ 1981;15:23-30.
|
| 222. | Glantz SA, Parmley WW. Passive smoking and heart disease: Mechanisms and risk. JAMA 1995;273:1047-53.
|
| 223. | Celermajer DS, Adams MR, Clarkson P, Robinson J, McCredie R, Donald A, et al. Passive smoking and impaired endothelium-dependent arterial dilatation in healthy young adults. N Engl J Med 1996;334:150-4.
|
| 224. | Woo KS, Chook P, Leong HC, Huang XS, Celermajer DS. The impact of heavy passive smoking on arterial endothelial function in modernized Chinese. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:1228-32.
|
| 225. | Penn A, Snyder CA. Inhalation of sidestream cigarette smoke accelerates development of arteriosclerotic plaques. Circulation 1993;88:1820-5.
|
| 226. | Zhu BQ, Sun YP, Sievers RE, Glantz SA, Parmley WW, Wolfe CL. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke increases myocardial infarct size in rats. Circulation 1994;89:1282-90.
|
| 227. | Penn A, Chen LC, Snyder CA. Inhalation of steady-state sidestream smoke from one cigarette promotes atherosclerotic plaque development. Circulation 1994;90:1363-7.
|
| 228. | He K, Yang F, Ma Y, Zhang Q, Yao X, Chan CK, et al. The characteristics of PM2.5 in Beijing, China. Atmos Environ 2001;38:4959-70.
|
| 229. | Latha KM, Badarinath KV. Seasonal variations of PM10 and PM2.5 particles loading over tropical urban environment. Int J Environ Health Res 2005;15:63-8.
|
| 230. | Tecer LH. Characterising seasonal variations of ambient PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentration based on urban area monitoring data in Balikesir, Turkey: 12 th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geo Conference; 2012. Vol. 4. p. 277-84.
|
| 231. | Warren-Gash C, Smeeth L, Hayward AC. Influenza as a trigger for acute myocardial infarction or death from cardiovascular disease: A systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 2009;9:601-10.
|
| 232. | Libby P, Egan D, Skarlatos S. Roles of infectious agents in atherosclerosis and restenosis: An assessment of the evidence and need for future research. Circulation 1997;96:4095-103.
|
| 233. | Saikku P, Leinonen M, Mattila K, Ekman MR, Nieminen MS, Makela PH, et al. Serological evidence of an association of a novel Chlamydia, TWAR, with chronic coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1988;2:983-6.
|
| 234. | Smieja M, Leigh R, Petrich A, Chong S, Kamada D, Hargreave FE, et al. Smoking, season, and detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in clinically stable COPD patients. BMC Infect Dis 2002;2:12.
|
| 235. | Rassu M, Lauro FM, Cazzavillan S, Bonoldi E, Belloni M, Bettini MC, et al. Detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of blood donors in the north-east of Italy. Med Microbiol Immunol 2001;190:139-44.
|
| 236. | Moreau KL, Hildreth KL, Meditz AL, Deane KD, Kohrt WM. Endothelial function is impaired across the stages of the menopause transition in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:4692-700.
|
| 237. | Shahar DR, Froom P, Harari G, Yerushalmi N, Lubin F, Kristal-Boneh E. Changes in dietary intake account for seasonal changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:395-400.
|
| 238. | Kushi LH, Samonds KW, Lacey JM, Brown PT, Bergan JG, Sacks FM. The association of dietary fat with serum cholesterol in vegetarians: The effects of dietary assessment on correlation coefficient. Am J Epidemiol 1988;128:1054-64.
|
| 239. | Simpson HC, Mann JI. Does low dietary intake of linoleic acid predispose to myocardial infarction? Br Med J 1982;285:1580.
|
| 240. | Hegsted DM. Serum-cholesterol response to dietary cholesterol: A re-evaluation. Am J Clin Nutr 1986;44:299-305.
|
| 241. | Rossato SL, Olinto MT, Henn RL, Anjos LA, Bressan AW, Wahrlich V. Seasonal effect on nutrient intake in adults living in Southern Brazil. Cad Saude Publica 2010;26:2177-87.
|
| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
Cardiovascular diseases display etiological and seasonal trend in human population: Evidence from seasonal cardiovascular comorbid diseases (SCCD) index |
|
| Jai Chand Patel, Apoorv Gupta, Prince Kumar, Kamran Manzoor Waidha, Aakash Deep, Ashish Kumar, Deepshikha Pande Katare, Arun K. Sharma | | American Journal of Human Biology. 2023; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 2 |
Calendar month variation in the diagnosis and severity of pulmonary embolism |
|
| Sarah Alice Thomas, Grace Wang, Nicholas Giordano, Tim Matthews, Jasmine Torrey, Christopher Kabrhel | | Internal and Emergency Medicine. 2023; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 3 |
Effect of acute cold exposure on cardiac mitochondrial function: role of sirtuins |
|
| Mithra. S. Mohan, S. S. Aswani, N. S. Aparna, P. T. Boban, P. R. Sudhakaran, K. Saja | | Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 2023; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 4 |
COVID-19 infection and metabolic comorbidities: Mitigating role of nutritional sufficiency and drug – nutraceutical combinations of vitamin D |
|
| Sumit Kumar Mandal, Meghana Tare, P.R. Deepa | | Human Nutrition & Metabolism. 2023; 31: 200179 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 5 |
Time Series Analysis of Congestive Heart Failure Discharges in Florida (USA) Post Tropical Cyclones |
|
| Inkyu Kim, Joseph J. Locascio, Ritu Sarin, Alexander Hart, Gregory R. Ciottone | | Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 2023; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 6 |
Bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist protects against cold stress–induced erectile dysfunction in rats |
|
| Abudureyimujiang Ruze, Binghua Wang, Jin Jin, Pengcheng Hou, Diliyaer Tuerxun, Siyiti Amuti | | Sexual Medicine. 2023; 11(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 7 |
Circadian and Seasonal Pattern of Arrhythmic Events in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Patients |
|
| Silvia Castelletti, Michele Orini, Annina S. Vischer, William J. McKenna, Pier D. Lambiase, Antonios Pantazis, Lia Crotti | | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(4): 2872 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 8 |
Association between Outdoor Air Pollution and Fatal Acute Myocardial Infarction in Lithuania between 2006 and 2015: A Time Series Design |
|
| Vidmantas Vaiciulis, Jone Vencloviene, Aukse Miškinyte, Ruta Ustinaviciene, Audrius Dedele, Gintare Kaliniene, Dalia Lukšiene, Abdonas Tamošiunas, Laura Seiduanova, Ricardas Radišauskas | | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(5): 4549 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 9 |
Effects of Changes in Seasonal Weather Patterns on the Subjective Well-Being in Patients with CAD Enrolled in Cardiac Rehabilitation |
|
| Dalia Martinaitiene, Nijole Raskauskiene | | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(9): 4997 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 10 |
Physicochemical Characterization of Fucoidans from Sargassum henslowianum C.Agardh and Their Antithrombotic Activity In Vitro |
|
| Peichun Lin, Suhua Chen, Min Liao, Weimin Wang | | Marine Drugs. 2022; 20(5): 300 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 11 |
Therapeutic potential of gasotransmitters for cold stress-related cardiovascular disease |
|
| Haijian Sun, Xiaowei Nie, Kangying Yu, Jinsong Bian | | Frigid Zone Medicine. 2022; 2(1): 10 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 12 |
“Nothing burns like the cold”: Cardiovascular disease in frigid zones |
|
| Ben Lerman, Lilach O. Lerman | | Frigid Zone Medicine. 2022; 2(3): 129 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 13 |
Effect of aging on cardiovascular responses to cold stress in humans |
|
| Tiankai Li, Qi Wang, Cheping Cheng | | Frigid Zone Medicine. 2022; 2(3): 149 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 14 |
RNA modification by M6A methylation in cardiovascular diseases: Current trends and future directions |
|
| Jinglin Wang, Lingfeng Zha | | Frigid Zone Medicine. 2022; 2(3): 158 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 15 |
Clinical and hemodynamic features of acute pulmonary embolism patients diagnosed in cold weather predicts adverse clinical outcome |
|
| Na Sun, Yiqiang Chen, Xichao Liang, Youli Fan, Ming Fang, Xuan Gao, Yongbing Wang, Yansheng Chen, Zhuozhong Wang, Bo Yu, Jinwei Tian, Bingxiang Wu | | Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2022; 9 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 16 |
Seasonal changes in proportion of cardiac surgeries associated with diabetes, smoking and elderly age |
|
| Ferenc Peták, Barbara N. Kovács, Szilvia Agócs, Katalin Virág, Tibor Nyári, Andrea Molnár, Roberta Südy, Csaba Lengyel, Barna Babik, Chengming Fan | | PLOS ONE. 2022; 17(9): e0274105 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 17 |
Cold Weather and Cardiac Arrest in 4 Seasons: Helsinki, Finland, 1997?2018 |
|
| Niilo R.?I. Ryti, Jouni Nurmi, Ari Salo, Harri Antikainen, Markku Kuisma, Jouni J.?K. Jaakkola | | American Journal of Public Health. 2022; 112(1): 107 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 18 |
Seasonal variation of vasopressin and its relevance for the winter peak of cardiometabolic disease: A pooled analysis of five cohorts |
|
| Sofia Enhörning, Olle Melander, Gunnar Engström, Sölve Elmståhl, Lars Lind, Peter M. Nilsson, Mats Pihlsgård, Simon Timpka | | Journal of Internal Medicine. 2022; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 19 |
Comparison of 1-year healthcare resource utilization and related costs for patients with heart failure in the Chagas and non-Chagas matched cohorts |
|
| Mario J. Olivera, Adriana Arévalo, Lyda Muñoz, Sofía Duque, Juan Bedoya, Gabriel Parra-Henao | | Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease. 2022; 9: 2049936122 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 20 |
Associations of ambient temperature with mortality for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and the modification effects of greenness in Shandong Province, China |
|
| Fenfen He, Jing Wei, Yilin Dong, Chao Liu, Ke Zhao, Wenjia Peng, Zilong Lu, Bingyin Zhang, Fuzhong Xue, Xiaolei Guo, Xianjie Jia | | Science of The Total Environment. 2022; 851: 158046 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 21 |
Reduced nitric oxide synthesis in winter: A potential contributing factor to increased cardiovascular risk |
|
| Luke Liddle, Christopher Monaghan, Mia Burleigh, Katarzyna A. Baczynska, David J. Muggeridge, Chris Easton | | Nitric Oxide. 2022; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 22 |
Impacts of Road Deicing Application on Sodium and Chloride Concentrations in Philadelphia Region Drinking Water |
|
| Yuliza D. Cruz, Marissa L. Rossi, Steven T. Goldsmith | | GeoHealth. 2022; 6(2) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 23 |
Seasonal pattern in elderly hospitalized with acute kidney injury: a retrospective nationwide study in Italy |
|
| Alfredo De Giorgi, Alda Storari, Pedro Manuel Rodríguez-Muñoz, Rosaria Cappadona, Nicola Lamberti, Fabio Manfredini, Pablo Jesús López-Soto, Roberto Manfredini, Fabio Fabbian | | International Urology and Nephrology. 2022; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 24 |
Cardiovascular responses to dynamic and static upper-body exercise in a cold environment in coronary artery disease patients |
|
| Rasmus I. P. Valtonen, Heidi H. E. Hintsala, Antti Kiviniemi, Tuomas Kenttä, Craig Crandall, Wouter van Marken Lichtenbelt, Juha Perkiömäki, Arto Hautala, Jouni J. K. Jaakkola, Tiina M. Ikäheimo | | European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2021; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 25 |
Seasonality in surgical outcome data: a systematic review and narrative synthesis |
|
| Emma Spencer, Michael Berry, Peter Martin, Antonio Rojas-Garcia, S. Ramani Moonesinghe | | British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2021; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 26 |
Structural characterization of anticoagulant and antithrombotic polysaccharides isolated from Caesalpinia ferrea stem barks |
|
| Diego Freitas de Araujo,Juliana da Costa Madeira,Arcelina Pacheco Cunha,Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo,Francisco F. Bezerra,Paulo Antônio de Souza Mourão,Ana Maria Sampaio Assreuy,Maria Gonçalves Pereira | | International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2021; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 27 |
Getting warmer: Fuel poverty, objective and subjective health and well-being |
|
| Apostolos Davillas, Andrew Burlinson, Hui-Hsuan Liu | | Energy Economics. 2021; : 105794 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 28 |
Determinants of personal exposure to PM2.5 and black carbon in Chinese adults: A repeated-measures study in villages using solid fuel energy |
|
| Martha Lee,Ellison Carter,Li Yan,Queenie Chan,Paul Elliott,Majid Ezzati,Frank Kelly,James J. Schauer,Yangfeng Wu,Xudong Yang,Liancheng Zhao,Jill Baumgartner | | Environment International. 2021; 146: 106297 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 29 |
A time-series prediction model of acute myocardial infarction in northern of Iran: the risk of climate change and religious mourning |
|
| Hamid Sharif Nia, Ozkan Gorgulu, Navaz Naghavi, Erika Sivarajan Froelicher, Fatemeh Khoshnavay Fomani, Amir Hossein Goudarzian, Saeed Pahlevan Sharif, Roghiyeh Pourkia, Ali Akbar Haghdoost | | BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2021; 21(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 30 |
Acute Hemodynamic Improvement by Thermal Vasodilation inside the Abdominal and Iliac Arterial Segments of Young Sedentary Individuals |
|
| Zhongyou Li, Wentao Jiang, Stephen Salerno, Yi Li, Yu Chen, Zhi Xu, Guanshi Wang | | Journal of Vascular Research. 2021; 58(3): 191 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 31 |
Acute and short-term efficacy of sauna treatment on cardiovascular function: Ameta-analysis |
|
| Zhongyou Li,Wentao Jiang,Yu Chen,Guanshi Wang,Fei Yan,Tao Zeng,Haidong Fan | | European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2021; 20(2): 96 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 32 |
Association between winter cold spells and acute myocardial infarction in Lithuania 2000–2015 |
|
| Vidmantas Vaiciulis,Jouni J. K. Jaakkola,Ricardas Radišauskas,Abdonas Tamošiunas,Dalia Lukšiene,Niilo R. I. Ryti | | Scientific Reports. 2021; 11(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 33 |
Getting Warmer: Fuel Poverty, Objective and Subjective Health and Well-Being |
|
| Apostolos Davillas, Andrew Burlinson, Hui-Hsuan Liu | | SSRN Electronic Journal. 2021; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 34 |
Importance of applying Mixed Generalized Additive Model (MGAM) as a method for assessing the environmental health impacts: Ambient temperature and Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), among elderly in Shanghai, China |
|
| Xiaoqian Huang,Weiping Ma,Chikin Law,Jianfeng Luo,Naiqing Zhao,Antonio Palazón-Bru | | PLOS ONE. 2021; 16(8): e0255767 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 35 |
Influence made by industrial climbing safety equipment on the cardiovascular system performance and thermophysical parameters of limbs in an industrial climber at low ambient temperatures |
|
| M.A. Goncharova, I.Y. Brink | | CARDIOMETRY. 2021; (20): 168 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 36 |
Association between Physical Activity and Seasonal Variations in Metabolic and Vascular Function in Adults |
|
| Hiroto Honda,Makoto Igaki,Motoaki Komatsu,Shin-ichiro Tanaka | | Endocrines. 2021; 2(2): 150 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 37 |
Extreme Weather Conditions and Cardiovascular Hospitalizations in Southern Brazil |
|
| Iago Turba Costa, Cassio Arthur Wollmann, João Paulo Assis Gobo, Priscilla Venâncio Ikefuti, Salman Shooshtarian, Andreas Matzarakis | | Sustainability. 2021; 13(21): 12194 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 38 |
Seasonal Effects of High-Altitude Forest Travel on Cardiovascular Function: An Overlooked Cardiovascular Risk of Forest Activity |
|
| Tsung-Ming Tsao,Jing-Shiang Hwang,Ming-Jer Tsai,Sung-Tsun Lin,Charlene Wu,Ta-Chen Su | | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18): 9472 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 39 |
Seasonal Variations of Heart Failure and Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Referral Center of Heart Diseases in Ahvaz, Southwest of Iran |
|
| Farzaneh Ahmadi,Parisa Pourkhosravi | | Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care. 2021; In Press(In Press) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 40 |
Food Access and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Metropolitan Atlanta Census Tracts With Residents at Low Risk and High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: The Morehouse–Emory Cardiovascular Center for Health Equity Study |
|
| Shakeria Cohen,Fengxia Yan,Herman Taylor,Mario Sims,Chaohua Li,Arshed A. Quyyumi,Mohamed Mubasher,Tené T. Lewis,Peter Baltrus | | Preventing Chronic Disease. 2021; 18 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 41 |
Correlation of Vitamin D Deficiency With Severity of Chronic Heart Failure as Assessed by Functional Class and N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels |
|
| Parminder S Otaal,Sudheer Pachipala,Lipi Uppal,Dinakar Bootla | | Cureus. 2021; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 42 |
Alarmingly Increased Public Interest in “Chest Pain” During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights From Google Trends Analysis |
|
| Hee Kong Fong,Sandeep Singh,Jilmil S Raina,Vikram B Itare,Violeta Spasova,Rupak Desai | | Cureus. 2021; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 43 |
Acute Cardiovascular Events Associated With Influenza in Hospitalized Adults |
|
| Eric J. Chow,Melissa A. Rolfes,Alissa OæHalloran,Evan J. Anderson,Nancy M. Bennett,Laurie Billing,Shua Chai,Elizabeth Dufort,Rachel Herlihy,Sue Kim,Ruth Lynfield,Chelsea McMullen,Maya L. Monroe,William Schaffner,Melanie Spencer,H. Keipp Talbot,Ann Thomas,Kimberly Yousey-Hindes,Carrie Reed,Shikha Garg | | Annals of Internal Medicine. 2020; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 44 |
Upregulation of iNOS Protects Cyclic Mechanical Stretch-Induced Cell Death in Rat Aorta Smooth Muscle Cells |
|
| Jing Zhao,Kiichi Nakahira,Akihiko Kimura,Yoji Kyotani,Masanori Yoshizumi | | International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(22): 8660 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 45 |
Predictive Modeling for Telemedicine Service Demand |
|
| Agni Kumar,Nancy Hung,Yuhan Wu,Robyn Baek,Amar Gupta | | Telehealth and Medicine Today. 2020; 5 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 46 |
Endothelial function in response to exercise in the cold in patients with coronary artery disease |
|
| Rasmus I. P. Valtonen,Tiina M. Ikäheimo,Heidi E. Hintsala,Niilo R. I. Ryti,Arto Hautala,Juha S. Perkiömäki,C. G. Crandall,Matti Mäntysaari,Jouni J. K. Jaakkola,Antti M. Kiviniemi | | Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. 2020; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 47 |
Seasonality of Influenza-Like-Illness and Acute Cardiovascular Events Are Related Regardless of Vaccine Effectiveness |
|
| Erin R. Kulick,Michelle Canning,Neal S. Parikh,Mitchell S. V. Elkind,Amelia K. Boehme | | Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 48 |
Seasonal variations in cause-specific mortality and transition to renal replacement therapy among patients with end-stage renal disease |
|
| Shunsuke Goto,Takayuki Hamano,Satoshi Ogata,Ikuto Masakane | | Scientific Reports. 2020; 10(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 49 |
Cold weather-related cardiorespiratory symptoms predict higher morbidity and mortality |
|
| Tiina M. Ikäheimo,Jari Jokelainen,Simo Näyhä,Tiina Laatikainen,Pekka Jousilahti,Jari Laukkanen,Jouni J.K. Jaakkola | | Environmental Research. 2020; : 110108 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 50 |
Phenanthrenes isolated from diocorea batatas Decne peel with anti-platelet aggregation activity via direct factor Xa inhibitory activity |
|
| So Yeon Jeong,Mijeong Lee,Ji Sun Lim,Eui Kyun Park,Moon-Chang Baek,Jong-Sang Kim,Dongyup Hahn,Jong-Sup Bae | | Journal of Functional Foods. 2020; 73: 104138 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 51 |
Synthesis of antiplatelet ortho-carbonyl hydroquinones with differential action on platelet aggregation stimulated by collagen or TRAP-6 |
|
| Diego Méndez,Félix A. Urra,Juan Pablo Millas-Vargas,Marcelo Alarcón,Julio Rodríguez-Lavado,Iván Palomo,Andrés Trostchansky,Ramiro Araya-Maturana,Eduardo Fuentes | | European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2020; 192: 112187 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 52 |
Seasonal variation in U.S. hospitalizations for chronic
limb-threatening
ischemia |
|
| S. Elissa Altin,Yeunjung G. Kim,Herbert D. Aronow,Ehrin J. Armstrong,Andrew M. Goldsweig,Alan Dardik,Alexandra J. Lanksy,Carlos I. Mena-Hurtado,J. Dawn Abbott | | Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. 2020; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 53 |
Using clinical decision support through the electronic medical record to increase prescribing of high-dose parenteral thiamine in hospitalized patients with alcohol use disorder |
|
| Jonathan M. Wai,Christopher Aloezos,Wenzhu B. Mowrey,Sarah W. Baron,Regina Cregin,Howard L. Forman | | Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2019; 99: 117 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 54 |
The effect of ambient temperature on cardiovascular mortality in 27 Brazilian cities |
|
| Ismael Henrique Silveira,Beatriz Fátima Alves Oliveira,Taísa Rodrigues Cortes,Washington Leite Junger | | Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 691: 996 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 55 |
Physical activity and mortality under Arctic conditions – impact of ethnicity |
|
| Anne K Gulsvik | | European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2019; 26(15): 1634 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 56 |
Seasonality in Mortality in a Cardiology Department: A Five-Year Analysis in 500 Patients |
|
| Lourdes Vicent, Vanesa Bruña, Carolina Devesa, Iago Sousa-Casasnovas, Miriam Juárez, Francisco Fernández-Avilés, Manuel Martinez-Sellés | | Cardiology. 2019; 142(2): 67 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 57 |
Role of Whole Plant Extract of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn in the Treatment of Thrombolysis |
|
| Charu Sharma,Samrat Chauhan,Sumeet Gupta,Ashwanti Devi,Anroop Nair | | Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 2019; 17(2): 115 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 58 |
Prominent seasonal variation in pulmonary embolism than deep vein thrombosis incidence: a Korean venous thrombosis epidemiology study |
|
| Junshik Hong,Ju Hyun Lee,Ji Yun Lee,Jeong-Ok Lee,Won-Il Choi,Soyeon Ahn,Youn-Hee Lim,Soo-Mee Bang,Doyeun Oh | | The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine. 2019; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 59 |
SEASONAL INCIDENCE OF ACUTE CORONARY ACCIDENTS IN THE CLIMATE OF WESTERN SIBERIA. POPULATION RESEARCH |
|
| S. A. Okrugin,A. N. Repin | | Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2019; 8(1): 52 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 60 |
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN POPULAR TERRITORIES POPULATION AND WEATHER FACTORS |
|
| Victoria A. Belyayeva | | Hygiene and sanitation. 2019; 98(10): 1148 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 61 |
Weather fluctuations: predictive factors in the prevalence of acute coronary syndrome |
|
| Hamid Sharif Nia,Yiong Huak Chan,Erika Sivarajan Froelicher,Saeed Pahlevan Sharif,Ameneh Yaghoobzadeh,Azar Jafari,Amir Hossein Goudarzian,Roghiyeh Pourkia,Ali Akbar Haghdoost,Farhad Arefinia,Roghieh Nazari | | Health Promotion Perspectives. 2019; 9(2): 123 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 62 |
Seasonality of deaths with respect to age and cause in Chitral District Pakistan |
|
| Muhammad Asif,Khalid Nawaz,Zafar Zaheer,Helene Thygesen,Amani Abu-Shaheen,Muhammad Riaz,João Pedro Silva | | PLOS ONE. 2019; 14(12): e0225994 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 63 |
Increased hospitalizations for decompensated heart failure and acute myocardial infarction during mild winters: A seven-year experience in the public health system of the largest city in Latin America |
|
| Renato Kawahisa Levin,Marcelo Katz,Paulo H. N. Saldiva,Adriano Caixeta,Marcelo Franken,Carolina Pereira,Salo V. Coslovsky,Antonio E. Pesaro,Eduardo Roque Perna | | PLOS ONE. 2018; 13(1): e0190733 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 64 |
Chronic lifestyle diseases display seasonal sensitive comorbid trend in human population evidence from Google Trends |
|
| Jai Chand Patel,Pankaj Khurana,Yogendra Kumar Sharma,Bhuvnesh Kumar,Sugadev Ragumani,Kazuhiro Takemoto | | PLOS ONE. 2018; 13(12): e0207359 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 65 |
In vitro anticoagulant and antiinflammatory activities of Geastrum fimbriatum Fr., namely as Earthstar fungus |
|
| Nurdan Sarac,Hakan Alli,Tuba Baygar,Aysel Ugur | | International Journal of Secondary Metabolite. 2018; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 66 |
The health impacts of energy performance investments in low-income areas: a mixed-methods approach |
|
| Wouter Poortinga,Sarah E Rodgers,Ronan A Lyons,Pippa Anderson,Chris Tweed,Charlotte Grey,Shiyu Jiang,Rhodri Johnson,Alan Watkins,Thomas G Winfield | | Public Health Research. 2018; 6(5): 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 67 |
Association between ambient temperature and mortality risk and burden: time series study in 272 main Chinese cities |
|
| Renjie Chen,Peng Yin,Lijun Wang,Cong Liu,Yue Niu,Weidong Wang,Yixuan Jiang,Yunning Liu,Jiangmei Liu,Jinlei Qi,Jinling You,Haidong Kan,Maigeng Zhou | | BMJ. 2018; : k4306 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 68 |
Cardiovascular responses to cold and submaximal exercise in patients with coronary artery disease |
|
| Rasmus I. P. Valtonen,Antti Kiviniemi,Heidi E. Hintsala,Niilo R. I. Ryti,Tuomas Kenttä,Heikki V. Huikuri,Juha Perkiömäki,Craig Crandall,Wouter van Marken Lichtenbelt,Markku Alén,Hannu Rintamäki,Matti Mäntysaari,Arto Hautala,Jouni J. K. Jaakkola,Tiina M. Ikäheimo | | American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2018; 315(4): R768 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 69 |
Ambient fine particulate matter exposure induces reversible cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis in juvenile and older female mice |
|
| Guohua Qin,Jin Xia,Yingying Zhang,Lianghong Guo,Rui Chen,Nan Sang | | Particle and Fibre Toxicology. 2018; 15(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 70 |
Seasonal Variations in Neurological Severity and Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke ? 5-Year Single-Center Observational Study ? |
|
| Kazunori Toyoda,Masatoshi Koga,Hiroshi Yamagami,Chiaki Yokota,Shoichiro Sato,Manabu Inoue,Tomotaka Tanaka,Kaoru Endo,Jun Fujinami,Masafumi Ihara,Kazuyuki Nagatsuka,Kazuo Minematsu | | Circulation Journal. 2018; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 71 |
Vascular smooth muscle cell response to cyclic mechanical stretch and aortic dissection |
|
| Masanori Yoshizumi,Jing Zhao,Yoji Kyotani | | Folia Pharmacologica Japonica. 2018; 151(4): 155 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 72 |
Heart failure nurse specialists and increased winter demand |
|
| Mary Kirk,Liz Williams | | British Journal of Cardiac Nursing. 2018; 13(12): 616 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 73 |
Health effects of seasonal variation in cardiovascular hemodynamics among workers in forest environments |
|
| Tsung-Ming Tsao,Ming-Jer Tsai,Jing-Shiang Hwang,Ta-Chen Su | | Hypertension Research. 2018; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 74 |
Recent spatial gradients and time trends in Dhaka, Bangladesh air pollution and their human health implications |
|
| Md Mostafijur Rahman,Shakil Mahamud,George D. Thurston | | Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 2018; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 75 |
Cardiovascular diseases, cold exposure and exercise |
|
| Tiina M. Ikäheimo | | Temperature. 2018; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 76 |
Recent Progress in the Discovery of Bioactive Components from Edible Natural Sources with Antithrombotic Activity |
|
| Dongyup Hahn,Jong-Sup Bae | | Journal of Medicinal Food. 2018; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 77 |
Role of Apparent Temperature and Air Pollutants in Hospital Admissions for Acute Myocardial Infarction in the North of Spain |
|
| Dominic Royé,María Teresa Zarrabeitia,Pablo Fdez-Arroyabe,Alberto Álvarez Gutiérrez,Ana Santurtún | | Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition). 2018; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 78 |
Papel de la temperatura aparente y de los contaminantes atmosféricos en los ingresos por infarto agudo de miocardio en el norte de España |
|
| Dominic Royé,María Teresa Zarrabeitia,Pablo Fdez-Arroyabe,Alberto Álvarez Gutiérrez,Ana Santurtún | | Revista Española de Cardiología. 2018; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 79 |
Climate change: reshaping mortality differences within the United Kingdom? |
|
| R. Naqvi,M. Hall | | British Actuarial Journal. 2018; 23 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 80 |
Small size fullerenol nanoparticles inhibit thrombosis and blood coagulation through inhibiting activities of thrombin and FXa |
|
| Shibo Xia,Juan Li,Mian Zu,Jinxia Li,Jinke Liu,Xue Bai,Yanan Chang,Kui Chen,Weihong Gu,Li Zeng,Lina Zhao,Gengyan Xing,Gengmei Xing | | Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. 2018; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 81 |
Association of Search Engine Queries for Chest Pain With Coronary Heart Disease Epidemiology |
|
| Conor Senecal,R. Jay Widmer,Lilach O. Lerman,Amir Lerman | | JAMA Cardiology. 2018; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 82 |
Regional and seasonal variations in heart failure admissions and mortality in the USA |
|
| Mahek Shah,Soumya Patnaik,Brijesh Patel,Shilpkumar Arora,Nilay Patel,Lohit Garg,Sahil Agrawal,Matthew W. Martinez,Vincent M. Figueredo | | Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 83 |
Diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism is associated with more cold-related cardiorespiratory symptoms |
|
| Tiina Maria Ikäheimo,Jari Jokelainen,Juhani Hassi,Liisa Hiltunen,Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi,Tiina Laatikainen,Pekka Jousilahti,Markku Peltonen,Leena Moilanen,Juha Saltevo,Simo Näyhä | | Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2017; 129: 116 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 84 |
Effects of climate and fine particulate matter on hospitalizations and deaths for heart failure in elderly: A population-based cohort study |
|
| Alain Vanasse,Denis Talbot,Fateh Chebana,Diane Bélanger,Claudia Blais,Philippe Gamache,Jean-Xavier Giroux,Roxanne Dault,Pierre Gosselin | | Environment International. 2017; 106: 257 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 85 |
Seasonal variations of temperature-related mortality burden from cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction in China |
|
| Jun Yang,Maigeng Zhou,Chun-Quan Ou,Peng Yin,Mengmeng Li,Shilu Tong,Antonio Gasparrini,Xiaobo Liu,Jing Li,Lina Cao,Haixia Wu,Qiyong Liu | | Environmental Pollution. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 86 |
Pregnancy outcome and ultraviolet radiation; A systematic review |
|
| Lauren Megaw,Tom Clemens,Chris Dibben,Richard Weller,Sarah Stock | | Environmental Research. 2017; 155: 335 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 87 |
Anti-factor Xa activities of zingerone with anti-platelet aggregation activity |
|
| Wonhwa Lee,Sae-Kwang Ku,Mi-Ae Kim,Jong-Sup Bae | | Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2017; 105: 186 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 88 |
Novel direct factor Xa inhibitory compounds from Tenebrio molitor with anti-platelet aggregation activity |
|
| Wonhwa Lee,Mi-Ae Kim,InWha Park,Jae Sam Hwang,MinKyun Na,Jong-Sup Bae | | Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2017; 109: 19 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 89 |
Seasonal and temperature modifications of the association between fine particulate air pollution and cardiovascular hospitalization in New York state |
|
| Wan-Hsiang Hsu,Syni-An Hwang,Patrick L. Kinney,Shao Lin | | Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 578: 626 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 90 |
Cerebrovascular diseases in Poland—inconsistent seasonal patterns of hospitalisation and mortality |
|
| Anna Poznanska,Bogdan Wojtyniak,Kamil Chwojnicki,Katarzyna Lewtak,Barbara Rubikowska,Wojciech Seroka | | European Journal of Public Health. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 91 |
Evaluation of novel factor Xa inhibitors from Oxya chinensis sinuosa with anti-platelet aggregation activity |
|
| Wonhwa Lee,HeeSeung Lee,Mi-Ae Kim,Joonhyeok Choi,Kyung-Min Kim,Jae Sam Hwang,MinKyun Na,Jong-Sup Bae | | Scientific Reports. 2017; 7(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 92 |
Seasonal variation in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in northern Israel |
|
| G. Telman,G. E. Sviri,E. Sprecher,Y. Amsalem,R. Avizov | | Chronobiology International. 2017; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 93 |
Exploratory Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Myocardial Infarction Hospitalizations in Calgary, Canada |
|
| | | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(12): 1555 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 94 |
Role of Cholesterol Crystals During Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cerebrovascular Accident |
|
| Jagadeesh K. Kalavakunta,Mayank K. Mittal,Abed Janoudi,Oliver G. Abela,Fadi Alreefi,George S. Abela | | Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications. 2017; 2(3): 347 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 95 |
PATIENT DEMOGRAPHIC, RISK FACTORS AND SEASONAL VARIATION IN ONSET OF STROKE |
|
| Kathyayani M. K. M,Vijaya Babu D,Sreenivas S | | Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare. 2016; 3(84): 4582 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 96 |
Seasonal Changes in the Incidence of Transient Global Amnesia |
|
| Ophir Keret,Nirit Lev,Tzippy Shochat,Israel Steiner | | Journal of Clinical Neurology. 2016; 12(4): 403 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 97 |
Inhibition of platelet aggregation and thrombosis by indole alkaloids isolated from the edible insect Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis
(Kolbe) |
|
| JungIn Lee,Wonhwa Lee,Mi-Ae Kim,Jae Sam Hwang,MinKyun Na,Jong-Sup Bae | | Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. 2016; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 98 |
Antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of small-molecule alkaloids from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans |
|
| Wonhwa Lee,JungIn Lee,Roshan Kulkarni,Mi-Ae Kim,Jae Sam Hwang,MinKyun Na,Jong-Sup Bae | | Scientific Reports. 2016; 6: 21956 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 99 |
Fabrication and effect on regulating vSMC phenotype of a biomimetic tunica media scaffold |
|
| Hong Shen,Xixue Hu,Haiyan Cui,Yaping Zhuang,Da Huang,Fei Yang,Xing Wang,Shenguo Wang,Decheng Wu | | J. Mater. Chem. B. 2016; 4(47): 7689 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 100 |
Pulmonary embolism: Does the seasonal effect depend on age? A 12-year nationwide analysis of hospitalization and mortality |
|
| V. Olié,C. Bonaldi | | Thrombosis Research. 2016; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 101 |
The burden of stroke mortality attributable to cold and hot ambient temperatures: Epidemiological evidence from China |
|
| Jun Yang,Peng Yin,Maigeng Zhou,Chun-Quan Ou,Mengmeng Li,Jing Li,Xiaobo Liu,Jinghong Gao,Yunning Liu,Rennie Qin,Lei Xu,Cunrui Huang,Qiyong Liu | | Environment International. 2016; 92-93: 232 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 102 |
Antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of pelargonidin in vivo and in vitro |
|
| Sae-Kwang Ku,Eun-Kyung Yoon,Wonhwa Lee,Sinae Kwon,Taeho Lee,Jong-Sup Bae | | Archives of Pharmacal Research. 2016; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 103 |
Antithrombotic and antiplatelet activities of orientin in vitro and in vivo |
|
| Wonhwa Lee,Jong-Sup Bae | | Journal of Functional Foods. 2015; 17: 388 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 104 |
Characteristics of Sudden Bath-Related Death Investigated by Medical Examiners in Tokyo, Japan |
|
| Hideto Suzuki,Wakako Hikiji,Takanobu Tanifuji,Nobuyuki Abe,Tatsushige Fukunaga | | Journal of Epidemiology. 2015; 25(2): 126 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 105 |
Heat and cardiovascular diseases: A review of epidemiological surveys |
|
| I. L. Kozlovskaya,O. S. Bulkina,V. V. Lopukhova,N. A. Chernova,O. V. Ivanova,T. E. Kolmakova,Yu. A. Karpov | | Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2015; 87(9): 84 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 106 |
Seasonal Variations of Complete Blood Count and Inflammatory Biomarkers in the US Population - Analysis of NHANES Data |
|
| Bian Liu,Emanuela Taioli,R. Lee Mosley | | PLOS ONE. 2015; 10(11): e0142382 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 107 |
Trends in hospitalizations of patients with acute coronary syndrome and indicators of the atmospheric state in Moscow in 2009-2012 |
|
| I. L. Kozlovskaia,O. S. Bulkina,V. V. Lopukhova,T. E. Kolmakova,Iu. A. Karpov,I. V. Starostin,V. L. Baratashvili,K. G. Rubinshtein,S. V. Emelina,V. P. Borovikov | | Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2014; 86(12): 20 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 108 |
The Association between Meteorological Events and Acute Heart Failure: New Insights from ASCEND-HF |
|
| Debraj Das,Jeffery A. Bakal,Cynthia M. Westerhout,Adrian F. Hernandez,Christopher M. O’Connor,Dan Atar,John J.V. McMurray,Paul W. Armstrong,Justin A. Ezekowitz | | International Journal of Cardiology. 2014; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 109 |
Combining the effects of conventional risk factors and environmental triggering factors while studying seasonality in acute myocardial infarction |
|
| Mohammad Al Mamun,Nahid Rumana,Yoshikuni Kita,Tanvir Chowdhury Turin | | Environmental Pollution. 2014; 189: 252 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 110 |
Antithrombotic activities of wogonin and wogonoside via inhibiting platelet aggregation |
|
| Sae-Kwang Ku,Jong-Sup Bae | | Fitoterapia. 2014; 98: 27 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 111 |
Antithrombotic activities of sulforaphane via inhibiting platelet aggregation and FIIa/FXa |
|
| Sae-Kwang Ku,Jong-Sup Bae | | Archives of Pharmacal Research. 2014; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 112 |
Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and profibrinolytic activities of baicalin |
|
| Wonhwa Lee,Sae-Kwang Ku,Jong-Sup Bae | | Archives of Pharmacal Research. 2014; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 113 |
Antithrombotic activities of aspalathin and nothofagin via inhibiting platelet aggregation and FIIa/FXa |
|
| Sae-Kwang Ku,Wonhwa Lee,Min Kang,Jong-Sup Bae | | Archives of Pharmacal Research. 2014; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 114 |
Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and profibrinolytic activities of withaferin A |
|
| Sae-Kwang Ku,Jong-Sup Bae | | Vascular Pharmacology. 2014; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 115 |
Cardiac Repolarization and Autonomic Regulation during Short-Term Cold Exposure in Hypertensive Men: An Experimental Study |
|
| Heidi Hintsala,Tuomas V. Kenttä,Mikko Tulppo,Antti Kiviniemi,Heikki V. Huikuri,Matti Mäntysaari,Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaannemi,Risto Bloigu,Karl-Heinz Herzig,Riitta Antikainen,Hannu Rintamäki,Jouni J. K. Jaakkola,Tiina M. Ikäheimo,Larisa G. Tereshchenko | | PLoS ONE. 2014; 9(7): e99973 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 116 |
Temporal variation of cardiovascular diseases: An internal biological rhythm disruption may play a role? |
|
| Manfredini, R. and Gallerani, M. | | North American Journal of Medical Sciences. 2013; 5(4): 280-281 | | [Pubmed] | |
|
 |
|
|
|
Search Pubmed for